OnlineMedEd: Surgery: Subspecialty - "Peds CT Surgery"

Question 1

Left-to-right shunts are non-______________.

Answer 1

cyanotic

Question 2

_____________ defects may not be heard at birth.

Answer 2

Large (because the flow is not turbulent)

Question 3

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

Answer 3

Reversal of the left-right shunt

Question 4

The most common congenital defect diagnosed after age 1 is ________.

Answer 4

ASD

Question 5

_________ presents with a fixed-split S2 on auscultation.

Answer 5

ASD

Question 6

All congenital disorders are best diagnosed with _____________.

Answer 6

echocardiography

Question 7

Which defects are associated with Down syndrome?

Answer 7

VSD, ASD, and tetralogy of Fallot

Question 8

If VSD is not caught on asymptomatic screen, the child can present with ______________.

Answer 8

CHF

Question 9

How should you manage VSD?

Answer 9

• If asymptomatic and echo does not show dysfunction, then follow with observation.
• If CHF is present, then surgical repair.

Question 10

The murmur of PDA is typically ____________ on day 1.

Answer 10

not present

Question 11

“Machine-like” is the Step 1 buzzword. “______________” is what they will say on Step 2.

Answer 11

Multiphasic, continuous

Question 12

______________ is given to close the PDA.

Answer 12

Indomethacin

Question 13

The right-to-left diseases need to be caught _______.

Answer 13

on day 1

Question 14

The two most common cyanotic heart diseases are ______________.

Answer 14

transposition of the great vessels and tetralogy of Fallot

Question 15

True or false: transposition of the great vessels is caused by gestational diabetes.

Answer 15

False

Gestational diabetes presents in the second or third trimester. The heart finishes developing in the first trimester. It is therefore regular diabetes –present before conception –that causes transposition of the great vessels.

Question 16

In order to keep the baby with transposition of the great vessels alive, you need to give _____________.

Answer 16

prostaglandins

Question 17

List the features of tetralogy of Fallot.

Answer 17

• VSD
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Overriding aorta
• Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 18

If tetralogy of Fallot is not caught in infancy (which would happen by cyanotic spells during feeding), then what two things can occur?

Answer 18

• Tet spells: kid gets out of breath and then squats to pink up
• Boot-shaped heart on CXR