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#passmed 2023 > Oncology + Haematology > Flashcards

Oncology + Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

How long should you transfuse units of blood over?

A

2 hours

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2
Q

What is the best abx for Neutropenic sepsis?

A

IV Piperacillin w tazobactam

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3
Q

What is the best abx for Neutropenic sepsis?

A

IV Piperacillin w tazobactam

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4
Q

What bloods will tell you someone has Beta Thalassaemia Major? (2 things)

A
  1. Microcytic anaemia
  2. Raised HbA2
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5
Q

How do you differentiate between types of leukaemia? (3 steps)

A
  1. Look at lymphocytes
  2. Look at WCB
  3. Look at blast cells / bands
    E.g
  4. Low lymphocytes = AML / CML
  5. WBC: 100+ = Chronic, so consider CML (rule out AML)
  6. Band cells = confirm CML
    (blast = acute, bands = chronic)
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6
Q

What cells are characteristic of Sickle cell disease / coeliac disease?

A

Howell-Jolly cells lol

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7
Q

What are you suspecting if a child has super painful swelling of their hands and feet?

A

Sickle cell crisis

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8
Q

What test gives you the definitive Dx of sickle cell disease?

A

Hb electrophoresis

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9
Q

What can you do for a pt in sicke cell crisis in ITU?

A

Exchange transfusion

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10
Q

What are the CF of Post-thrombotic syndrome (DVT complication 50%)? (4 things)

A
  1. Painful heavy calves
  2. Pruritis
  3. Swelling
  4. Varicose veins
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11
Q

What is the Mx option for Post-thrombotic syndrome (DVT complication 50%)?

A

Ted stockings

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12
Q

What is the most common inherited thrombophilia, therefore most probable DVT cause in young ppl like in 20s?

A

Factor V leiden

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13
Q

What should you give in SVC obst (n Pemberton sign positive)?

A

Dexamethasone

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14
Q

What are the blood results in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)? (2 things)

A
  1. Isolated low platelet count
  2. Normal bone marrow
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15
Q

What is the Mx of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

A

Oral prednisolone

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16
Q

What can you give before pt starts chemo to reduce risk of Tumour Lysis syndrome?

A

Allopurinol

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17
Q

What ppl have an increased risk of Anaphylactic reactions to Blood transfusion?

A

igA deficient ppl

18
Q

What do you give to reduce Pyrexia in Non-haemolytic Febrile Tranfusion Reaction?

A

Paracetamol (IV / PO)

19
Q

What is the MOA of Apixaban / Rivaroxaban?

A

Direct factor Xa inhibitor

20
Q

What is the MOA of Dabigatran?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

21
Q

What are causes of raised APTT? (3 things)

A
  1. Heparin
  2. Haemophilia B
  3. Antiphospholipid syndrome
22
Q

What is a resp complication of Sicke cell disease?

A

Acute chest syndrome

23
Q

What are the CF of Acute chest syndrome (resp complication of SCD)? (4 things)

A
  1. SOB
  2. Cough
  3. Chest pain
  4. CXR: new pulm infiltrates
24
Q

What is the MX for Acute chest syndrome? (3 things)

A
  1. Analgesia
  2. Abx
  3. Blood transfusion
25
Q

What complication of SCD do you get a sudden drop of Hb in?

A

Aplastic crisis

26
Q

What is the MOA of Ondans3tron?

A

5HT3 antagonist

27
Q

What is the MOA of Ondans3tron?

A

5HT3 antagonist

28
Q

What is FIRST Line for CML?

A

Imatinib (TK inhibitor)

29
Q

What are the CF of Polycthaemia Vera? (5 things)

A
  1. Raised Hb
  2. Red face
  3. Pruritis
  4. Splenomegaly
  5. HTN
30
Q

What do you give to reduce risk of clots in Polycthaemia Vera?

A

Aspirin

31
Q

Which chemo causes low Mg?

A

Cisplatin
the sis of mg

32
Q

What does positive Coombs test indicate?

A

AI Haemolytic anaemia

33
Q

What are the CF of AI Haemolytic anaemia? (5 things)

A
  1. Anaemia
  2. High reticulocytes
  3. Raised LDH
  4. Blood film: spherocytes / reticulocytes
  5. Positive Coombs test
34
Q

What is the Tx for AI Haemolytic anaemia? (2 things)

A
  1. Steroids
    • / - Rituximab
35
Q

What can cause DIC? (4 things)

A
  1. Sepsis
  2. Trauma
  3. Obstetrics complications (e.g HELLP syndrome)
  4. Cancer
36
Q

What do the bloods say in DIC? (4 things)

A
  1. Low platelets
  2. Low fibrinogen
  3. Raised Fibrinogen degradation products
  4. Raised PT + APTT
37
Q

What do the bloods say in Iron defiency anaemia?

A
  1. Low ferritin
  2. Low serum iron
  3. Low transferring saturation
  4. High total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
38
Q

Which chemo is assoc w Cardiac toxicity?

A

Doxorubicin

39
Q

What does each letter in the Toxicity bear correlate to? (7 things)

A
  1. A = Asparagine = Neurotox
  2. C = Cisplatin = Ototox / Nephrotox
  3. V = Vincristine / Vinblastine = “Christ my nerves, blast my bones” (Vc = peripheral neuropathy / Vb = myelosuppression)
  4. B = Bleomycin = Pulm fibrosis
  5. D = Doxorubicin = Cardiotox
  6. Ψ = Cyclophosphamide = Bladder / nephrotoxic
  7. M = MTX = Nephrotox
40
Q

What is Microcytic anaemia Dx when iron levels are normal?

A

Beta thalassaemia trait / major

41
Q

How differentiate between Beta thalassaemia trait vs Beta thalassaemia major?

A
  • Trait = Hb around 100
  • Major = Hb less than 60
42
Q

How do you differentiate between CML and CLL?

A
  • CML = Massive splenoMegaLy
  • CLL = Lymphadenopathy

#passmed 2023 (39 decks)

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