Oncology + Haematology Flashcards
How long should you transfuse units of blood over?
2 hours
What is the best abx for Neutropenic sepsis?
IV Piperacillin w tazobactam
What is the best abx for Neutropenic sepsis?
IV Piperacillin w tazobactam
What bloods will tell you someone has Beta Thalassaemia Major? (2 things)
- Microcytic anaemia
- Raised HbA2
How do you differentiate between types of leukaemia? (3 steps)
- Look at lymphocytes
- Look at WCB
- Look at blast cells / bands
E.g - Low lymphocytes = AML / CML
- WBC: 100+ = Chronic, so consider CML (rule out AML)
- Band cells = confirm CML
(blast = acute, bands = chronic)
What cells are characteristic of Sickle cell disease / coeliac disease?
Howell-Jolly cells lol
What are you suspecting if a child has super painful swelling of their hands and feet?
Sickle cell crisis
What test gives you the definitive Dx of sickle cell disease?
Hb electrophoresis
What can you do for a pt in sicke cell crisis in ITU?
Exchange transfusion
What are the CF of Post-thrombotic syndrome (DVT complication 50%)? (4 things)
- Painful heavy calves
- Pruritis
- Swelling
- Varicose veins
What is the Mx option for Post-thrombotic syndrome (DVT complication 50%)?
Ted stockings
What is the most common inherited thrombophilia, therefore most probable DVT cause in young ppl like in 20s?
Factor V leiden
What should you give in SVC obst (n Pemberton sign positive)?
Dexamethasone
What are the blood results in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)? (2 things)
- Isolated low platelet count
- Normal bone marrow
What is the Mx of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
Oral prednisolone
What can you give before pt starts chemo to reduce risk of Tumour Lysis syndrome?
Allopurinol
What ppl have an increased risk of Anaphylactic reactions to Blood transfusion?
igA deficient ppl
What do you give to reduce Pyrexia in Non-haemolytic Febrile Tranfusion Reaction?
Paracetamol (IV / PO)
What is the MOA of Apixaban / Rivaroxaban?
Direct factor Xa inhibitor
What is the MOA of Dabigatran?
Direct thrombin inhibitor
What are causes of raised APTT? (3 things)
- Heparin
- Haemophilia B
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
What is a resp complication of Sicke cell disease?
Acute chest syndrome
What are the CF of Acute chest syndrome (resp complication of SCD)? (4 things)
- SOB
- Cough
- Chest pain
- CXR: new pulm infiltrates
What is the MX for Acute chest syndrome? (3 things)
- Analgesia
- Abx
- Blood transfusion
What complication of SCD do you get a sudden drop of Hb in?
Aplastic crisis
What is the MOA of Ondans3tron?
5HT3 antagonist
What is the MOA of Ondans3tron?
5HT3 antagonist
What is FIRST Line for CML?
Imatinib (TK inhibitor)
What are the CF of Polycthaemia Vera? (5 things)
- Raised Hb
- Red face
- Pruritis
- Splenomegaly
- HTN
What do you give to reduce risk of clots in Polycthaemia Vera?
Aspirin
Which chemo causes low Mg?
Cisplatin
the sis of mg
What does positive Coombs test indicate?
AI Haemolytic anaemia
What are the CF of AI Haemolytic anaemia? (5 things)
- Anaemia
- High reticulocytes
- Raised LDH
- Blood film: spherocytes / reticulocytes
- Positive Coombs test
What is the Tx for AI Haemolytic anaemia? (2 things)
- Steroids
- / - Rituximab
What can cause DIC? (4 things)
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Obstetrics complications (e.g HELLP syndrome)
- Cancer
What do the bloods say in DIC? (4 things)
- Low platelets
- Low fibrinogen
- Raised Fibrinogen degradation products
- Raised PT + APTT
What do the bloods say in Iron defiency anaemia?
- Low ferritin
- Low serum iron
- Low transferring saturation
- High total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
Which chemo is assoc w Cardiac toxicity?
Doxorubicin
What does each letter in the Toxicity bear correlate to? (7 things)
- A = Asparagine = Neurotox
- C = Cisplatin = Ototox / Nephrotox
- V = Vincristine / Vinblastine = “Christ my nerves, blast my bones” (Vc = peripheral neuropathy / Vb = myelosuppression)
- B = Bleomycin = Pulm fibrosis
- D = Doxorubicin = Cardiotox
- Ψ = Cyclophosphamide = Bladder / nephrotoxic
- M = MTX = Nephrotox
What is Microcytic anaemia Dx when iron levels are normal?
Beta thalassaemia trait / major
How differentiate between Beta thalassaemia trait vs Beta thalassaemia major?
- Trait = Hb around 100
- Major = Hb less than 60
How do you differentiate between CML and CLL?
- CML = Massive splenoMegaLy
- CLL = Lymphadenopathy
