ENT Flashcards
What investigation is Diagnostic for BPPV?
Dix-Hallpike manouever
What sign on Dix-Hallpike manouever suggest BPPV?
Rotatory nystagmus
How do you treat BPPV?
Epley manoeuvre
What are the CF of Mastoiditis? (3 things)
- Fever
- Ear protruding forwards
- Post-auricular bulging + erythema
How is Mastoiditis Dx?
Clinically
What is a risk factor for Mastoiditis?
Recurrent OM infection
What is the Mx of Mastoiditis?
IV abx (ceftriaxone)
What are the complications of Mastoiditis? (3 things)
- HL
- Facial nerve palsy
- Meningitis
What are the CF of Viral labyrinthitis? (6 things)
- Hx of recent URTI
- Sudden onset
- Vertigo
- Horizontal nystagmus (towards unaffected side)
- HL (sensorineural)
- N + V
What is the Mx of Viral labyrinthitis?
Self limiting
How do you differentiate between Vestibular neuritis and Labyrinthitis?
- Labyrinthitis only one with HL
Both: - Vertigo not assoc w head position (so not BPPV)
- Recent viral inf
When should you refer for 2ww for sus HnN cancer?
Unexplained sore throat for few wks
What is the most common tumour of the parotid gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is a bilateral purple bulge in septum (after trauma) a sign of?
Septal haemotama
How do you Tx Septal haematoma?
Surgical drainage (urgent referral)
What type of nasal polyp is cancer until proven otherwise, and should be urgently reffered?
Unilateral nasal polyp
What should you treat Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis with? (3 things)
- Paracetamol
- Oral metronidazole
- Chlorhexidine mouthwash
(while they go see dentist)
What Perforated tympanic membrane should you not prescribe amox for?
Peroration caused by barotrauma (aka diving)
What should you do if there is Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage (even small bleeding 3 hrs post op)?
Urgent ENT assessment + consider return to theatre
(primary haemorrhage)
What should you do if there is Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage (5-10 days after surgery)
Admit to ENT for assessment + give abx
(secondary haemorrhage, probs infected wound)
What is the CENTOR criteria that suggest Tonsillitis is BACTERIAL?
CENTor
* C - Cervical lymphadenopathy (tender)
* E - Exudative tonsils
* N - No cough
* T - Temperature (38+)
How are pt with Sudden onset Sensorineural HL tx with following referral to ENT?
High dose oral corticosteroids
What are the basic rules to interpreting Audiograms? (3 things)
- Anything above 20dB is NORMAL (green line)
- SN HL = both air + bone conduction impaired
- CD HL = only air conduction impaired (aka only X n O drop)
- Mixed HL = both air + bone impaired (air usually worse)
What medications can cause Tinnitus? (2 things)
- NSAIDs
- Aspirin
What is Otosclerosis?
Replacement of normal bone by Spongy bone @ stapes + oval window place
What are the CF of Otosclerosis? (3 things)
- Progressive CD HL
- Tinnitus
- Usually normal tympanic membrane
What are the RF for Otosclerosis? (2 things)
- FHx
- Age 20-40 yrs
What are the Mx options for Otosclerosis? (2 things)
- Hearing aid
- Stapedectomy
