Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
Factors improving prognosis of cancers
A
- early diagnosis
- careful investigation
- accurate staging of extent
2
Q
Red flags in the diagnosis of childhood cancers
A
- purpura and pallor
- lymphadenopathy
- any unexplained mass
- prolonged fever and lassiture
- bone pain
- eye changes
- unexplained CNS signs
3
Q
Infectious causes of localised lymphadenopathy
A
Bacterial
- pyogenic
- TB
Viral
- cat scratch
- rubella
- EBV
- HIV
Others
- toxo
- histoplasmosis
- syphillis
4
Q
Causes of generalised lymphadenopathy
A
- infections (rubella, EBV, TB, HIV)
- connective tissue disorders (SLE, JCA)
- neoplastic (leukaemia, lymphoma)
- granulomatous disease (sarcoid)
5
Q
Causes of abdominal masses
A
- Wilms tumour
- neuroblastoma (cross midline, ill)
- B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma
- sarcomas
- teratomas
- germ cell tumours
- lymphoma
6
Q
What eye changes are concerning?
A
- white reflex
- recent onset squint
- proptosis
- loss of vision
7
Q
Causes of eye changes
A
- rhabdomyosarcoma
- neuroblastoma
- CNS tumour
- leukaemia
8
Q
Long term side effects of cancer treatment
A
- infertility
- cardiomyopathy
- learning problems
- pulmonary fibrosis
- renal insufficiency
- deafness
- growth retardation
- second malignancy
