Nephrotic syndrome Flashcards
1
Q
Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome
A
- Hypoalbunimaemia
- Oedema
- Proteinuria (>1g/m2/day)
2
Q
Causes of primary glomerular disease
A
- idiopathic/minimal change
- glomerulonephritis
- congenital nephrotic syndrome
3
Q
Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome
A
- drug induced
- SLE
- syphilis
- malaria
- Hep B
4
Q
Physiology of nephrotic sydrome
A
- loss of albumin
- loss of oncotic pressure
- fluid in tissues and intravascular depletion
5
Q
Indications for a renal biopsy
A
- age <1 year
- age >1 year
- renal failure
- persistent hypertension
- macroscopic haematureia
- evidence of other disease
- failed trial of steroids
- black children
6
Q
Management of nephrotic syndrome
A
- daily urine dipstix
- salt restriction
- no fluid restriction unless hypertensive or in renal failure
- control oedema (albumin + diuretics)
- prophylactic penicillin
- aggressive treatment of infection
7
Q
Treatment of minimal change
A
- trial of steroids
- 2mg/kg/day
8
Q
Complications of nephrotic syndrome
A
- infection
- thrombosis
- hypovolaemia
