oncology 3

Question 1

what chemotherapeutic agent induces binding within DNA strands and by preventing DNA function and replication?

*ATTACK THE DNA and DIRECTLY MODIFY

Answer 1

alkylating agents

Question 2

what chemotherapeutic agent interferes with the building blocks to make DNA/RNA?

*mimics the normal molecules that cancer uses to make DNA but when it uses them, it cannot make the DNA properly

Answer 2

antimetabolites

Question 3

what chemotherapeutic agent intercalates or inserts itself between base pairs in the DNA strand causing disruption or lysis?

*do not MODIFY DNA but blocks processes

Answer 3

antibiotics

Question 4

what chemotherapeutic agent disrupts the normal function of the spindle apparatus and prevents the cell from dividing and proliferating?

Answer 4

anti-microtubule agents

Question 5

what chemotherapeutic agent inhibits topoisomerase from catalyzing the cutting and re-ligating of DNA strands?

Answer 5

topoisomerase inhibitor

Question 6

what anticancer hormone can prevent and treat breast and uterine cancer?

Answer 6

estrogen receptor blockers

Question 7

what chemotherapeutic agent is called heavy metal compounds and forms strong cross links between DNA strands thereby preventing DNA translation?

Answer 7

platinum coordination complexes

Question 8

what biologic agent simulates the immune mechanism by increasing proliferation and activity of immune cells that destroy abnormal cell proliferation?

Answer 8

cytokines

Question 9

what are insidious cancer cells?

Answer 9

1. make a drug efflux pump expel drugs from the cancer cell
2. inactive drugs through enzymes
3. develop mechanisms that repair DNA damage

Question 10

what is myelosuppression?

Answer 10

inhibition of bone marrow cells

Question 11

what organ does tumor lysis syndrome affect?

Answer 11

kidneys

Question 12

what happens in tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 12

cytotoxic drugs destroy malignant cells –> release large amounts of ions –> kidneys are unable to tolerate the sudden load

Question 13

what is used to treat anemia by stimulating bone marrow production of red blood cells?

Answer 13

erthyropoietin

Question 14

what trains the cells to become super enrichment of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 14

adoptive cell therapy

Question 15

what is hematopoietic cell transplantation?

Answer 15

bone marrow transplantation

Question 16

what is targeted therapy?

Answer 16

destroying specific cancer cells without disturbing healthy cells

Question 17

what prognosis may be used when all signs of the disease have disappeared after treatment but before the end of 5 years occurs and there are no signs of the disease using current tests?

Answer 17

no evidence of disease

Question 18

what prognosis can be used if the response is maintained for a long period?

Answer 18

durable remission

Question 19

what prognosis can be used if a person who is alive and without evidence of disease for at least five years after diagnosis is considered cured?

Answer 19

cured

Question 20

what is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children?

Answer 20

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 21

what term refers to the damaging effects of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy on nonmalignant tissues, as well as to the social, emotional, and economic consequences?

Answer 21

late effects