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internal med unit 2 > infectious disease > Flashcards

infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa?

A

microbiology

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2
Q

what are signs and symptoms of infectious diseases?

A
  1. fever and chills
  2. sweating
  3. malaise
  4. nausea and vomiting
  5. increased number of leukocytes or a change in the type of leukocytes
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3
Q

what is an elevated WBC count called?

A

leukocytosis

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4
Q

what is a decreased WBC count called?

A

leukopenia

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5
Q

what are some factors that caused leukopenia?

A

bone marrow disease
radiation
medications
chemotherapy

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6
Q

what is the most abundant WBC type?

A

neutrophil

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7
Q

what is the reduction of the neutrophil count and what disease does it increase the risk for?

A

neutropenia

nosocomial infections (health care associated infection)

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8
Q

what is the normal WBC count?

A

5000-10,000 /mm^3

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9
Q

what is the WBC count for leukocytosis?

A

> 10,000/mm^3

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10
Q

what is the WBC count for leukopenia?

A

<4,000/mm^3

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11
Q

what causes the set point of the hypothalamic thermostat to rise?

A

pyrogens (certain protein substances - cytokines)

toxins (endotoxin of some bacteria)

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12
Q

what are some non-infectious causes of fever?

A

drug reaction
pulmonary emboli
neoplasm
tissue necrosis
autoimmune disease

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13
Q

what are some infectious causes of fever?

A
  1. urinary tract infection
  2. respiratory tract infection
  3. catheter related infection
  4. surgical wound infection
  5. infected pressure injuries
  6. other: colitis, peritonitis, meningitis
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14
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of infectious diseases besides fever?

A

abscess
rash with fever
red streaks
inflamed lymph nodes
joint effusion

hypotension
tachypneic and confused

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15
Q

with aging, what happens to the number of naive T cells?

A

decrease

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16
Q

with aging, what happens to the number of memory T cells?

A

increase

17
Q

what are some extrinsic factors apart from the immune system that can lead to increased susceptibility to infection in the older adult?

A
  1. atrophic skin is more easily damage
  2. decreased cough and gag reflex
  3. decreased bronchiolar 4. elasticity and mucociliary activity
  4. denture associated infections
  5. implanted device
18
Q

what is the threshold of temperature for infection for aging adults?

A

99 or 100

19
Q

what is the period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of clinical symptoms?

A

incubation period

20
Q

what marks the end of the incubation period?

A

disease symtpoms

21
Q

what occurs after a microorganism has replicated but remains dormant or inactive in the host, sometimes for years?

A

latent infection

22
Q

what may occur in which no apparent symptoms are evident other than an identifiable immune response of the host?

A

sub-clinical infection

23
Q

a clinically apparent infection in which the host parasite interaction causes obvious injury and is accompanied by one or more clinical symptoms is called?

A

infectious disease

24
Q

what is the time period when an organism can be shed?

A

period of communicability

25
Q

what is the microorganism that has the capacity to cause the disease?

A

pathogen

26
Q

what is the ability of the organism to induce disease, depends on the organisms’ speed of reproduction in the host, the extent of damage it causes to tissues, and the strength of any toxin released by pathogen?

A

pathogenicity

27
Q

what is the potency of the pathogen in producing severe disease and is measured by the case fatality rate?

A

virulence

28
Q

what is the environment in which an organism can live and multiply?

A

reservoir

29
Q

what is a vehicle of transmission?

A

occurs when infectious organism are transmitted through a cmmon source (contaminated food, water, and IV fluid)

internal med unit 2 (9 decks)

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