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Small animal (fourth year) > Oncology 2.0 > Flashcards

Oncology 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

what can cause paraneoplastic erythrocytosis?

A

increased erythropoietin production (renal tumours…)

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2
Q

how is paraneoplastic erythrocytosis treated?

A

phlebotomy
remove inciting cause
hydroxyurea

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3
Q

what is a monoclonal gammopathy?

A

excess production of a single immunoglobulin (antibody)

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4
Q

what are the clinical signs of monoclonal gammopathies?

A

hyperviscosity, reduced immune function, renal failure, coagulopathies, ocular disorders

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5
Q

how are monoclonal gammopathies diagnosed?

A

serum/urine electrophoresis

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6
Q

what is the main cause of altered coagulation due to cancer?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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7
Q

what is DIC?

A

thromboembolism in small vessels causes bleeding due to consumption of platelets and clotting factors

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8
Q

what are the main neoplasms associated with DIC?

A

carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma

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9
Q

what are some possible endocrine paraneoplastic and systemic effects of cancer?

A

hypercalcaemia
hypoglycaemia
ectopic ACTH syndrome
hyperoestrogenism

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10
Q

what are the main mechanisms of hypercalcaemia caused by neoplasms?

A

elevated PTH
bone lysis

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11
Q

what are some clinical signs of hypercalcaemia?

A

PUPD
dehydration
GI signs - inappetence/vomiting
weakness
muscle fasiculations
arrhythmia
soft tissue calcification

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12
Q

how is hypercalcaemia treated?

A

rehydrate fluids and calciuresis
furosemide, bisphosphonates, calcitonin

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of hypoglycaemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

insulinoma

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14
Q

how is hypoglycaemia managed?

A

IV glucose
prednisolone, diazoxide
removal of inciting tumour

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15
Q

what are the most common tumours causes ectopic ACTH syndrome?

A

lung tumours

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16
Q

what are the signs of ectopic ACTH syndrome similar to?

A

hyperadrenocorticism

17
Q

what causes myasthenia gravis as a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

secondary immune mediated disease due to a type 2 hypersensitivity

18
Q

what tumour most commonly causes myasthenia gravis?

A

thymoma

19
Q

what are the clinical signs of feline paraneoplastic alopecia?

A

alopecia
glistening skin
footpad lesions
Malassezia dermatitis

20
Q

what is pancreatic panniculitis?

A

inflammation and hydrolysis of adipose tissue

21
Q

what are the main neoplasms causing pancreatic panniculitis?

A

pancreatic carcinoma/adenocarcinoma

22
Q

what are the clinical signs of superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

A

footpad hyperkeratosis
crusting dermatitis

23
Q

what are the most common neoplasms causing paraneoplastic pemphigus?

A

lymphoma and thymoma

Small animal (fourth year) (26 decks)

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