Oncology 2.0 Flashcards
what can cause paraneoplastic erythrocytosis?
increased erythropoietin production (renal tumours…)
how is paraneoplastic erythrocytosis treated?
phlebotomy
remove inciting cause
hydroxyurea
what is a monoclonal gammopathy?
excess production of a single immunoglobulin (antibody)
what are the clinical signs of monoclonal gammopathies?
hyperviscosity, reduced immune function, renal failure, coagulopathies, ocular disorders
how are monoclonal gammopathies diagnosed?
serum/urine electrophoresis
what is the main cause of altered coagulation due to cancer?
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
what is DIC?
thromboembolism in small vessels causes bleeding due to consumption of platelets and clotting factors
what are the main neoplasms associated with DIC?
carcinoma and haemangiosarcoma
what are some possible endocrine paraneoplastic and systemic effects of cancer?
hypercalcaemia
hypoglycaemia
ectopic ACTH syndrome
hyperoestrogenism
what are the main mechanisms of hypercalcaemia caused by neoplasms?
elevated PTH
bone lysis
what are some clinical signs of hypercalcaemia?
PUPD
dehydration
GI signs - inappetence/vomiting
weakness
muscle fasiculations
arrhythmia
soft tissue calcification
how is hypercalcaemia treated?
rehydrate fluids and calciuresis
furosemide, bisphosphonates, calcitonin
what is the most common cause of hypoglycaemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome?
insulinoma
how is hypoglycaemia managed?
IV glucose
prednisolone, diazoxide
removal of inciting tumour
what are the most common tumours causes ectopic ACTH syndrome?
lung tumours
what are the signs of ectopic ACTH syndrome similar to?
hyperadrenocorticism
what causes myasthenia gravis as a paraneoplastic syndrome?
secondary immune mediated disease due to a type 2 hypersensitivity
what tumour most commonly causes myasthenia gravis?
thymoma
what are the clinical signs of feline paraneoplastic alopecia?
alopecia
glistening skin
footpad lesions
Malassezia dermatitis
what is pancreatic panniculitis?
inflammation and hydrolysis of adipose tissue
what are the main neoplasms causing pancreatic panniculitis?
pancreatic carcinoma/adenocarcinoma
what are the clinical signs of superficial necrolytic dermatitis?
footpad hyperkeratosis
crusting dermatitis
what are the most common neoplasms causing paraneoplastic pemphigus?
lymphoma and thymoma
