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Small animal (fourth year) > Internal medicine (endocrine) > Flashcards

Internal medicine (endocrine) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of endocrine cells of the thyroid glands?

A

follicular cells
parafollicular/medullary

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2
Q

what do follicular cells of the thyroid glands produce?

A

thyroid hormone

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3
Q

what do parafollicular/medullary cells of the thyroid gland produce?

A

calcitonin

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4
Q

what regulates the thyroid hormone secretion?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

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5
Q

what does the hypothalamus produce to stimulate the pituitary gland in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

A

TRH

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6
Q

what does the pituitary gland produce in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis?

A

TSH

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7
Q

what does TSH stimulate from the thyroid gland?

A

T4 and T3 release

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8
Q

what is the biologically active thyroid hormone?

A

T3 (T4 converted to T3 in peripheral tissues)

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9
Q

what does T3/T4 have a negative feedback effect on?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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10
Q

is more T3 or T4 made produced from the thyroid gland?

A

T4

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11
Q

what is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis?

A

iodine

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12
Q

what are the effects of the thyroid hormones?

A

increase metabolism and oxygen consumption
positive inotropes/chronotropes
enhance hearts response to catecholamines (increase HR)
catholic effects of muscle/adipose tissue
stimulate erythropoiesis
regulate cholesterol synthesis/degeneration

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13
Q

is hypothyroidism more common in dogs or cats?

A

dogs

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14
Q

what causes congenital hypothyroidism?

A

thyroid hypoplasia/aplasia
dyshormonogenesis

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15
Q

what are some primary causes of acquired hypothyroidism?

A

lymphocytic thyroiditis
idiopathic atrophy
thyroid neoplasia

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16
Q

where are the problems seen that are associated with secondary hypothyroidism?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

17
Q

what are the main clinical signs of hypothyroidism?

A

lethargy
obesity
exercise intolerance
dermatological abnormalities
hair thinning/alopecia

18
Q

what are some changes seen on haematology/biochemistry that indicate hypothyroidism?

A

mild normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anaemia
hypercholsterolaemia
hypertrygliceridaemia
mild creatinine kinase increase
mild ALP/ALT increase
fructosamine increase

19
Q

what is needed for a definitive diagnosis of hypothyroidism?

A

increased TSH and decreased total T48

20
Q

what animals have naturally low levels of T4?

A

greyhounds

Small animal (fourth year) (26 decks)

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