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ACVIM SAIM Specialty 2023 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Cats with GI LSA with CD4+ T cell lymphocytosis had a MST of ___ compared to those of CD5 low expressing T cell, which was ___ days.

A

272, 27.5, JVIM 2020

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2
Q

Which vinca alkaloid achieves highest pulmonary concentration?

A

Vinorelbine

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3
Q

Mechanism of action for procarbazine

A

antineoplastic drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has some specificity for T cells. The cytotoxic effects of procarbazine are thought to be primarily via methylation of DNA bases

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4
Q

The mechanism of action that metronomic chemotherapy offers (how is it anti-neoplastic)

A

Anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory (as opposed to cytotoxic) - examples are lomustine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil

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5
Q

What does mesna do?

A

reduces the risk of cystitis associated with ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide by binding toxic metabolites in the urine (acrolein)

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6
Q

The P-glycoprotein pump has what significance for chemotherapy?

A

Contributes to multi-drug resistance.

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7
Q

What chemo drug classes are not substrates for Pglycoprotein pump?

A

Alkylating agents, platinum agents

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8
Q

Late radiation side effects generally occur at least how long after radiation?

A

Over 6 months

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9
Q

Common tumors that respond to radiation

A

Nasal carcinoma (not squam) and sarcoma (dog), nasal carcinoma and lymphoma (cat), pituitary tumors, most canine brain tumors, cat injection site sarcoma, dog agasaca/thyroid carcinoma/soft tissue sarcoma, most dog oral tumor ( melanoma, squam, fibrosarc)

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10
Q

Mechanism of Oncept (cancer vaccine)

A

nucleic acid vaccine containing tyrosinase which is essential for melanin - over-expressed in melanomas (conflicting evidence whether this is helpful)

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of toceranib (Palladia)

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor - inhibits VEGFR2, PDGFRbeta, and KIT

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12
Q

Which of the following situations is Palladia not helpful? agasaca; non-resectable MCT; metronomic chemotherapy; possible microscopic hemangiosarcoma

A

Possible microscopic hemangiosarc; Palladia does not seem to be good for microscopic metastatic disease

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13
Q

What is Gr III neutropenia and thrombocytopenia?

A

Gr 3 - 500-999 (neutrophils), 25k-49k (plt)

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14
Q

Most nadirs occur when? Which are exceptions?

A

6-8d. Carboplatin - 14d (dog), 14-25d (cats); lomustine (cats) - anywhere from 8-28d

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15
Q

Give some chemo drugs that are inappropriate to give to MDR1

A

Vinca alkaloids, anthracycline (doxo, mitoxantrone),

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16
Q

Some breeds known to be affected by MDR1

A

Collie (rough or smooth)!, Australian Shepherd (miniature or standard)!, McNab, Silken Windhound, Long-haired Whippet!, Shetland Sheepdog, and German Shepherd

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17
Q

Increased risk of infection occurs when neutrophils are under what level?

A

<1k

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18
Q

Cumulative, sometimes irreversible thrombocytopenia can occur with which chemo agents?

A

Lomustine, melphalan, chlorambucil [discontinue if you note decreasing trend or plts drop below 100k-125k]

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19
Q

What to do if vinca alkaloid extravasates:

A

warm compresses, for 15-20 minutes duration, four times a day, for 2-3 days

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20
Q

What to do if doxorubicin, epirubicin or dactinomycin extravasates:

A

cold compresses on the site of injury for 15-20 minutes duration, four times a day, for 2-3 day; can follow with dexrazoxane

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21
Q

The most emetogenic chemotherapy drug?

A

Cisplatin

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22
Q

What is the “max dose range” of doxorubicin for a dog with no heart disease?

A

180-240 mg/m2

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23
Q

Cumulative and sometimes irreversible hepatotoxicity can occur with which chemo agent? What can be given to decrease the risk?

A

Lomustine (CCNU); Denamarin (S-adenosylmethionine and silybin)

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24
Q

Chemotherapy agents with known nephrotoxicosis?

A

Cisplatin (dogs - no cats but not b/c kidneys), streptozotocin (dogs), ifosfamide (dogs and cats), doxorubicin (cats), potentially CCNU in dogs if high dose pulse/metronomic

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25
Q

Cancer related Drugs that cause allergic reaction?

A

L-spar - IgE reaction; decrease with diphenhydramine 15 min prior, do not give L-spar IV | Doxorubicin - nonIgE anaphylaxis; give slowly, can pre-med with diphenhydramine or dexamethasone but usually don’t need to if slow administration (15-30 min)

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26
Q

What is stage V lymphoma?

A

Bone marrow, blood, or non-lymphoid (aka not liver spleen or lymph node) involvement

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27
Q

Most common canine lymphoma is what type

A

Diffuse large B cell

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28
Q

Siamese cats are over-represented for what type of lymphoma?

A

Mediastinal

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29
Q

Survival time of intermediate to high grade lymphoma without treatment in dogs/cats?

A

4-6w

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30
Q

Pattern of CHOP for dogs?

A

vincristine/pred, cyclophosphamide/pred, vinc/pred, doxo/pred, vinc, cyclophosphamide, vinc, doxo

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31
Q

MST for CHOP for dogs for nodal lymphoma?

A

Around a year (remission for 8 mo)

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32
Q

Single agent tx for nodal lymphoma for dogs?

A

Doxorubicin is best (MST 8 mo), if no IV - oral includes cyclophosphamide or CCNU

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33
Q

MST of pred for nodal lymphoma for dogs?

A

1-2 mo

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34
Q

When can reinduction with same chemo protocol be used for relapse of lymphoma?

A

If >2 mo have passed between cessation and relapse

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35
Q

General chemo treatments and MST for indolent lymphoma? Cutaneous lymphoma?

A

Indolent - chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide; treat only if there are signs or myelophthisis or organomegaly; MST of 2-3 years but generally normal life
Cutaneous - CCNU + pred; less responsive to chemotherapy; response time of 3 mo

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36
Q

What CD biomarker is present in acute lymphocytic leukemia as opposed to a stage 5 lymphoma?

A

CD34+

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37
Q

Dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia generally do not need chemotherapy unless clinical signs are noted. T/F?

A

True (and if they do- generally use chlorambucil +/- pred); eventually will become chemoresistant or progress to acute lymphocytic leukemia; MST 1-1.5y

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38
Q

Myeloproliferative disorders are generally associated with what disease in cats?

A

FeLV

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39
Q

What are components of hyperviscosity syndrome?

A

Bleeding; neuro signs (seizure, depression, coma); ophtho signs (retinal detachment, dilated /tortuous retinal vessels); increased cardiac workload

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40
Q

Signs of multiple myeloma?

A

Hyperviscosity, proteinuria, hypercalcemia, pain, immunodeficiency

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41
Q

Differentials for monoclonal gammopathies?

A

Multiple myeloma, lymphoid tumors (lymphoma, CLL, and ALL), chronic infections (e.g., ehrlichiosis, Leishmaniasis, feline infectious peritonitis [FIP]), and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS)

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42
Q

What differentiates monoglonal gammopathy of unknown significance from multiple myeloma?

A

No osteolysis, bone marrow infiltration, or Bence Jones proteinuria

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43
Q

Main concern with melphalan?

A

Myelosuppression - thrombocytopenia in particular (CBCs biweekly for 2 mo and monthly thereafter)

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44
Q

MST for multiple myeloma in dog vs cat

A

MST 540d in dog; remission duration of 2-4 mo in cat

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45
Q

Most common digital neoplasm in dogs and cats?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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46
Q

Most common skin cell tumor in cat

A

basal cell tumor (can be pigmented)

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47
Q

Most common skin cell tumor in dog

A

Sebaceous cell tumor

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48
Q

What is the size of AGASACA that differentiates a MST of 3.5 years from 1.5 years with surgical excision alone?

A

2.5 cm (although…JAVMA 2018 found that nonmetastatic < 3.2cm has MST of 1237 d so almost 3.5y)

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49
Q

CD117 biomarker is consistent with what type of tumor?

A

Mast cell

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50
Q

Rank in order of malignancy for location of melanomas: Digital, eyelid, mucocutaneous, haired skin

A

Least malignant to most malignant- haired skin, eyelid, mucocutaneous, digital

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51
Q

Unless a sarcoma is small, an excisional biopsy should be avoided. What is this measurement?

A

<1 to 2 cm proportional to the size of dog/cat with lots of normal tissue around it

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52
Q

Four primary locations of hemangiosarc

A

Spleen, liver, skin/subcutis, heart (right atrium/auricle)

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53
Q

Most common tumor type in retroperitoneal space, and MST?

A

hemangiosarcoma, MST < 40d

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54
Q

What is the rate of metastasis for a canine rib tumor? (high, medium, low)

A

High - Metastasis was detected in 100% of dogs with rib OSA, 53% to 57% with CSA, 67% with HSA, and 100% of dogs with rib FSA at the time of death.

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55
Q

Most common tumors to metastasize to bone in dogs?

A

Bladder and prostate tumors (vertebra I’m guessing)

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56
Q

What breed of dog is predisposed to synovial cell sarcoma? What are common sites? How frequently is joint fluid analysis helpful?

A

Flat-coated retriever; stifle, elbow, shoulder, carpal, tarsal, and hip joints are most commonly involved (decreasing order of frequency). Generally joint fluid analysis does not show neoplastic cells - just shows chronic low grade inflammation (need rads/node check/biopsy)

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57
Q

Dogs with periarticular histiocytic sarcoma do better/worse than nonarticular forms?

A

Better (MSTs of 391 days vs 128 days - I’m guessing with treatment). Dogs with no mets MST (980 days) vs dogs with metastases (253 days)

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58
Q

Canine mast cell tumors can contain what genetic mutation which is associated with a worse prognosis (higher frequency of recurrence and metastasis)?

A

c-kit mutation

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59
Q

What are prognostics factors in MCT?

A

HISTOLOGIC GRADE, clinical signs, breed, LOCATION, recurrence. C-KIT, KIT protein localization, clinical stage, cell proliferation rate

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60
Q

Peripheral mastocytosis is not common in feline splenic MCT. T/F?

A

False

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61
Q

Features of canine histiocytoma?

A

Young dogs (<3 years), solitary skin mass (usually on head), can have high mitotic index, generally spontaneous regression within 3mo

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62
Q

Features of systemic histiocytosis in dogs? breed predilection?

A

Waxing and waning signs, cutaneous lesions Breed predilection in Bernese Mountain Dog +/- Rottweilers, Golden Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers; dx with histopath; tx with immunomodulatory agents

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63
Q

Features of feline histiocytosis different than canine histiocytosis?

A

Canine has systemic and cutaneous form, feline is mainly cutaneous but can be systemic; feline generally does not spontaneously go into remission and poorly responsive to immunomodulatory agents - likely more similar to neoplastic process for cats while in canine the process is more like immune dysregulation

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64
Q

Cells that are positive for CD11 and CD18 are

A

histiocytic

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65
Q

Dogs with hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma are Coombs negative or positive?

A

Coombs negative

66
Q

MST of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma? What chemotherapy agent?

A

MST 163d, but if hypoalbuminemia/thrombocytopenia present then MST is <28d. CCNU or doxo

67
Q

Predisposed breeds to UCC

A

SCOTTIE, West Highland White Terriers, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Beagles

68
Q

MST of UCC with single agent vs combination agent

A

130-195d (on COX inhibitor) vs >250d (feel like this depends on a lot of factors though)

69
Q

A dog presents with alopecia, gynecomastia, a pendulous prepuce, and asymmetrical testes. What tumor is this likely to be?

A

Sertoli cell

70
Q

After what age in cats is there no benefit associated with spay to avoid mammary tumors?

A

after 2y

71
Q

How often are canine mammary tumors malignant and how likely are they to recur after sx?

A

50/50 rule - around 50 (actually 60%) of mammary tumors are benign, and 50% of malignant tumors will recur or metastasize despite sx (prognosis is affected based on size, metastasis, clinical behavior)

72
Q

Surgery is not recommended for most inflammatory mammary carcinomas. T/F?

A

True

73
Q

Most common tumor categories reported with paraneoplastic IMHA?

A

Hematopoetic; occasionally solid tumors

74
Q

Types of tumors that cause paraneoplastic neutrophilia?

A

Renal carcinomas (transitional cell and tubular), lymphoma, metastatic fibrosarcoma, pulmonary carcinoma, and rectal adenomatous polyps; paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy

75
Q

Types of tumors associated with paraneoplastic thrombocytopenia?

A

lymphoma, melanoma, HSA,
osteosarcoma (OSA), MCT, histiocytic malignancies, and various carcinomas; immune-mediated thrombocytopenia can be caused by lymphoma, multiple myeloma

76
Q

What mutation in GSD is associated with nodular dermatofibrosis and renal cystadenocarcinoma and rarely with uterine leiomyoma and ovarian adenoma?

A

Mutation chromosomal region overlapping Birt-Hogg-Dubé locus.

77
Q

Other differentials than pulmonary neoplasia causing hypertrophic osteopathy?

A

Renal, adrenal, metastatic Sertoli cell tumors and urinary bladder tumors; reported to occur with infectious/inflammatory pulmonary diseases, Spirocerca lupi esophageal granuloma, and bacterial endocarditis

78
Q

What was typical presentation of English Bulldogs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A

lower class II MHC and CD25, younger presentation (6y) - JVIM 2016, JVIM 2020

79
Q

What factors were associated with more aggressive disease in dogs with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A

Boxer, >40% Ki67 expression (both MST around 170d), JVIM 2021

80
Q

Which of the following populations is most associated with neoplastic disease in cats?
B cell, heterogeneous (≥2 lineages expanded)
CD4+ T cell
CD4−CD8− (double negative [DN]) T cell
and CD5-low-expressing T cell

A

CD4+ T cell, JVIM 2020

81
Q

What was % response to MOPP chemotherapy in cats with lymphoma and median remission time in those that responded?

A

70%, 166d (so like 5 mo) - JFMS 2020

82
Q

In cats who began treatment with lomustine, methotrexate and cytarabine chemotherapy for relapsed lymphoma, what was % response and median progression free survival?

A

46%; like 2 mo (61d) - JFMS 2021

83
Q

What was MST of cats with mediastinal or high grade multinodal LSA with lomustine, vinc, doxo, pred?

A

MST 214d for mediastinal and not reached for multinodal JFMS 2021 (90% of cats in this study had FeLV and FeLV MST was 170d)

84
Q

Median progression free survival time for feline gastrointestinal intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma with lomustine chemotherapy and 8 Gy abdominal cavity radiation therapy?

A

77d (JFMS 2021)

85
Q

What% of cats treated for small cell GI LSA developed large cell?

A

10% JFMS 2019

86
Q

What % of cats with intermediate to large cell GI LSA developed perforations after chemotherapy?

A

17% (JFMS 2018) not associated with tumor size, hypoproteinemia, or suppurative inflammation within mass

87
Q

MST of steroids vs CHOP for cats with renal LSA (50% of which had multicentric)?

A

MST 50d vs 203d JFMS 2021

88
Q

Cyclophosphamide as rescue therapy for chlorambucil tx in cats with low grade GI LSA provided what median progression free survival?

A

215 days - JFMS 2021

89
Q

Dogs with LSA and with p53 mutation had what survival time?

A

67d (only 33% response rate) - JVIM 2016

90
Q

Which of the following was associated with shorter survival?
Obesity and LSA
Obesity and osteosarc
Underweight and LSA
Underweight and osteosarc

A

Underweight and LSA JVIM 2016

91
Q

Alternating Tanovea (rabacfocsadine) and doxorubicin had what progression free survival in dogs with multicentric LSA?

A

194 days aka like 6 mo (84% response rate) - comparable to CHOP JVIM2017

92
Q

STAT3 expression is upregulated in diffuse B cell LSA dogs. T/F?

A

True - JVIM 2017 [supports development of JAK inhibitors as JAK activates STAT]

93
Q

In a Australian study on canine LSA, being female and being neutered were higher risks for LSA. T/F?

A

False - MALE and being neutered JVIM 2018

94
Q

Increased serum thymidine kinase 1 was associated with which of the following in dogs with non-Hodgkins LSA?
- Complete response
- Any response
- Stable disease
- Not responding fully

A

100% specific for not responding fully (76% sensitive) - JVIM2019

95
Q

PARR performs best for which of the following:
lymphoma vs. non-lymphoma; B- or T-cell non-B or non-T cell samples

A

Lymphoma vs nonlymphoma JVIM2019

96
Q

What breed of dog is known for having T-Zone Like cells of unknown significance? What supplement may prevent this from progressing to TZone lymphoma?

A

Golden retriever, omega-3 supplementation JVIM 2019

97
Q

Neutrophilia may suggest poorer prognosis in dogs with multicentric LSA treated with CHOP. T/F?

A

True - JAVMA 2021

98
Q

Dogs with higher grade nodal LSA treated with steroids had what MST?

A

50d JAVMA 2021

99
Q

Mitoxantrone can be substituted for doxo in CHOP with no significant differences in survival T/F?

A

True - JAVMA 2019

100
Q

MST of dogs > 14 years of age for CHOP with multicentric LSA?

A

202d JAVMA 2018

101
Q

Sampling with what gauge needle provided best samples for flow cytometry if concerned for lymphoma in cats?

A

21g JFMS 2018

102
Q

MST of intestinal LSA in dogs?

A

62d JAVMA 2018

103
Q

Additional imaging is not associated with further information in dogs with cutaneous LSA. T/F?

A

false -CT scan did find evidence of additional involvement beyond what might be suspected clinically JAMVA 2021

104
Q

c-KIT mutation did not predict MCT tumor response to vinblastine or Palladia. T/F?

A

True - JVIM 2018

105
Q

What % of dogs with mast cell tumor treated with tigilanol tiglate had complete response by 28d?

A

75% JVIM 2021

106
Q

What % of dogs treated with tigilanol tiglate remained tumor free in 6 mo?

A

89% (checked at 12mo but all recurred within 6 mo) - JVIM 2021

107
Q

Normal-sized draining lymph nodes in dogs with MCT should still be aspirated. T/F?

A

True - can still show signs of metastasis -JAVMA 2017

108
Q

Pre-op IV administration of diphenhydramine improved anesthetic stability in dogs with MCT during surgery. T/F?

A

false - dogs with diphenhydramine had lower BP and showed no benefit JAVMA 2017

109
Q

Palladia provided benefit in what % of cats with MCT?

A

80% (JFMS somewhere)

110
Q

What was associated with decreased survival in cats with intestinal MCT?

A

Degree of differentiation and mitotic index > 2 (JFMS 2016)

111
Q

What agents were generally used in inducing remission in canine cutaneous plasmacytosis?

A

Lomustine or melphalan JVIM 2017

112
Q

Melphalan as pulse or daily dose was acceptable for treatment of canine multiple myeloma. T/F?

A

True JVIM 2018

113
Q

Which of the following correlated well with survival time for multiple myeloma?
Serum globulins
Radial immunodiffusion globulin
Decrease in densitometric M-protein

A

Decrease in densitometric M protein JVIM 2021

114
Q

Free light chain multiple myeloma may eventually develop end-stage damage in what organ?

A

renal (JVIM 2021)

115
Q

Histiocytic sarcomas can be common in what breed of dog?

A

Bernese Mountain Dog

116
Q

MST in dogs with localized histiocytic sarcoma?

A

427d (JVIM 2020)

117
Q

What % of dogs with hemangiosarc had skeletal muscle metastasis?

A

25% JVIM 2019

118
Q

What % of dogs with incidental nonruptured splenic masses were benign?

A

70% (of 30% malignant, 60% were hemangiosarc) - JAVMA 2016

119
Q

A cytology describing malignancy in a bone lesion should require histopathology for confirmation before treatment. T/F

A

False - no benign lesion was listed as malignant (100% specific) - JVIM 2017

120
Q

MST of cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis of appendicular osteosarc?

A

Grave - <2 mo (11d with no tx) - JVIM 2017

121
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic has a synergistic or antagonistic effect on doxorubicin for canine osteosarc?

A

Synergistic (JVIM 2019)

122
Q

Prevalence of incidental adrenal mass during abdominal CT in dog?

A

9% (JAVMA 2016)

123
Q

Which of these is least likely to contribute to TCC development in dogs?
Low-activity GST-theta loc (which is risk in humans)
Insecticide use
Less rural households

A

Low-activity GST-theta (JVIM 2019)

124
Q

Most common lower urinary tract location for TCC in cats? What was generally most effective treatment?

A

Trigone but only in 27% so majority did NOT have this here because most effective tx was partial cystectomy + NSAID. (Median progression free survival was like 4 mo) JVIM 2020

125
Q

Was balloon dilation for obstruction due to UCC in dogs associated with long-lasting complications?

A

No - all resolved within a few days. Variable lasting effects but 75% (9/12) showed improvement JAVMA 2019

126
Q

Most common clinical sign in feline AGASACA?

A

Perineal ulceration or discharge (JAVMA 2019)

127
Q

What % of dogs became permanently urinary incontinent after radiation for urogenital carcinomas?

A

31% JVIM 2021

128
Q

MST in cats with mammary adenocarcinoma with bilateral mastectomy?

A

542d (compared to 289 if only one side was performed) - recommended staging surgery - JAVMA 2018

129
Q

Overall survival time for dogs with small intestinal adenocarcinoma with surgery? Which of the following was predictive of survival?
Lymph node mets, adjuvant chemo, NSAID administration, clinical signs, age

A

MST 544d; age - (those < 8 had significantly longer survival) - JAVMA 2019

130
Q

What % of dogs with parathyroid carcinoma developed hypocalcemia 1 week after surgery? MST with surgery?

A

34% - MST 2 years JAVMA 2021

131
Q

Intracavitary carboplatin seems effective for feline pleural carcinomatosis. T/F?

A

False - JFMS 2020

132
Q

MST of gliomas treated with definitive RT?

A

around 3mo (JVIM 2021)

133
Q

A larger preoperative tumor volume for intracranial glioma determined via MRI was associated with outcome. T/F?

A

False - it was not. Grade was associated. JAVMA 2018

134
Q

Cats with intranasal carcinoma had progression free survival of how long with definitive intent radiation compared to palliative?

A

Like 500d compared to 200d (JVIM 2021) - however a “coarse palliative radiation course” reported a MST of like 340d (JFMS 2020)

135
Q

What % of dogs receiving Palladia for GIST had clinical benefit?

A

73% JVIM 2018 - aka this study just said that you can use Palladia for GIST

136
Q

MST of dogs with nasal tumors treated with stereotactic radiation?

A

388d (JAVMA 2018) - aka comparable to tradiational treatment

137
Q

Median survival time of functional thyroid tumors treated with surgery in dogs?

A

MST 1072d (JAVMA 2020) (similar to nonfunctional)

138
Q

Complication rate for unilateral thyroidectomy for thyroid tumor in dogs? (and MST?)

A

Complication rate was about 20% (hemorrhage [8%] and then aspiration pneumonia [3%] most common). MST 911d. (JAVMA 2019)

139
Q

Which is associated with prognosis in feline melanomas? Location vs achromic phenotype

A

Achromic phenotype (not location)

140
Q

Canine oral melanomas under __ mm had no lymphatic invasion, and those over __ mm all had lymphatic invasion.

A

6.5, 24.5 (JAVMA 2020)

141
Q

What % of dogs became neutropenic following administration of noncompounded lomustine?

A

100% (JVIM 2016) [study was showing that compounded lomustine varied extremely in its actual potency and only 25% of dogs became neutropenic on similar dose - this was corroborated in a JAVMA 2017 study]

142
Q

Which hormone did not change over time (90d) in dogs on Palladia?
tT4
fT4
TSH

A

tT4 - the others changed in a way consistent with hypothyroidism (fT4 decreased, TSH increased) - however ALL were still in ref range JVIM2018

143
Q

In a study looking at pre-chemo neutrophil counts for dogs with LSA on CHOP, what was the neutrophil count cut-off below which chemo was not administered and was not associated with increased risk of toxicity?

A

1500 (dogs with neutrophil counts 1500-1999 were not associated with increased risk of toxicity) JVIM 2018

144
Q

Vincristine is detected in canine urine for how long following administation?

A

3 days (ACVIM consensus)

145
Q

What are the clinical cardiotoxic consequences of doxorubicin and what breeds are more at risk?

A

DCM (fractional shortening, VPCs); Boxers, Cocker Spaniels, Great Danes, Dobermans, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland (aka most of these breeds are at risk for cardio stuff anyways) JVIM 2019

146
Q

Downregulation of what miRNA was detected earlier before significant changes to troponin occurred in doxo-induced cardiomyopathy?
-microRNA 16
-microRNA 122
-microRNA 502

A

miR502 JVIM 2020 (btw the other choices are relevant from other literature/organ systems)

147
Q

What % of cats developed Cr > 0.3 while receiving doxrubicin?

A

34% (JVIM 2020)

148
Q

What % of dogs on furosemide + oral metronomic cyclophosphamide developed sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

3.6% (JAVMA 2016)

149
Q

Which group experienced the least amount of GI adverse events?
Piroxicam + placebo
Piroxicam + omeprazole
Piroxicam + famotidine

A

Piroxicam + placebo (aka don’t prescribe omeprazole or famotidine for prophylaxis with piroxicam) - JAVMA 2021

150
Q

What % of sinonasal dogs that received RT developed KCS? What was minimum dose to get KCS?

A

20%: >20 gray (at least it kind of works out) - JVIM 2020

151
Q

Major chemo drugs that MDR-1 mediated?

A

Anti-tumor antibiotics (doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, actinomycin, etoposide), microtubule inhibitors (vinca alkaloids), taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel)

152
Q

Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased/decreased as iCa concentrations increased in dogs with cancer, whereas plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased/decreased as iCa concentrations increased in healthy dogs

A

increased, decreased (JVIM 2017)

153
Q

What % of benign bone infarcts had medullary lysis on rads?

A

70% (100% of malignancy ones did) - JAVMA 2020

154
Q

Sensitivity of AUS to detect masses in liver or mesentery causing nontraumatic hemoabdomen in dogs?

A

37% (liver), 31% (mesentery)
Highest sensitivity was spleen - 87% JAVMA 2021

155
Q

Which phase(s) of the cell cycle is the cell receptive to factors outside of the cell?

A

M phase, early G1 until R point

156
Q

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene exerts its function by inhibiting/activating the cell moving from G1 to S / S to G2 / G2 to M phase. The gene is activated when it is hyperphosphorylated/hypophosphorylated.

A

Inhibiting; G1 to S; hypophosphorylated

157
Q

Which cytokine has a growth inhibitory effect, immunosuppressive effect, and is sometimes released by cancer cells for immune evasion?

A

TGF-beta

158
Q

A 7 year old DSH presents with nonpruritic scaling and mild erythema on head and pinnae. The chest feels mildly “noncompressible”. Chest radiographs show a mediastinal mass. What is your diagnosis?

A

Thymoma. (paraneoplastic syndrome - exfolitative dermatitis - can progressively include neck, trunk, limbs)

159
Q

Lymphocytes that express CD21 biomarkers are consistent with what type of lymphoma?

A

Mature B cell (CD79a is also another one more common in B neoplasm)

160
Q

What do neoplasms that stain positively for vimentin indicate? How about desmin?

A

Vimentin - mesenchymal origin (lymphomas, sarcomas, melanomas)
Desmin - myogenic tumor (smooth and striated)

161
Q

You have an expanded portion of lymphocytes in the blood from a dog that appear cytologically normal. Will PARR or flow cytometry give you the most information?

A

Flow cytometry (per CSU website)

162
Q

You have an aspirate of spleen from a cat with a large population of small lymphocytes. Is PARR or flow cytometry most useful for determining if this is neoplastic?

A

PARR (per CSU website)

ACVIM SAIM Specialty 2023 (12 decks)

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