onco Flashcards
what type o tumor is the most common
skin and sq
what is the most common skin cancer
sarcoid. then squamous cell
sarcoid cells often extend up to______ away from the tumor
2cm
what are common differentials for a sarcoid
proud flesh, SCC, haebronemiasis, pythium
pathogenesis of sarcoids
bovine papilloma virus- inactivates the p53 gene– apoptosis is turned off
most common cancer of the globe and adnexal structures
SCC
where do we commonly find SCC
eyes, genitalia, oropharynx
fleshy cobblestoned mass. +- ulceration and proliferation
SCC
pathogenesis of SCC
UV radiation on nonpigmented skin, older animals, Equine papilloma virus
ocular SCC genetic predisposition
halfingers
prevention of SCC
UV protection, genetic screeing
80% of grey horses develop
melanomas
why do grey horses get melanomas?
four genes associated with melanomas are found in the grey phenotype gene section
selecting for grey means selecting for melanoma
where does melanomas like to met
local LN, abdominal cavity, brain and spinal cord
if there is a grey horse with unblockable lameness what should you do
rectal for melanoma
how to confirm lymphoma
biopsy with IHC PARR
what can biopsy do/what can it not do
biopsy cannot transform benign lesions into malignant ones
it can excelerate proliferation
what is usually affected first for metastatic neoplasia
local lymph nodes are generally affected first
what test should you run if you diagnose lymphoma
IMHA, hypercalcemia, flow, PARR
general treatment for lymphoma
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy
most efficient way to eliminate the greatest number of cancer cells in lymphoma
surgical removal
what tumors require 0.5cm margins
basal cell and mast cell
what tumors require 1-2cm margins
sarcoids and fibrosarcomas
what amount of tissue do you need for margins to be considered clean
at least 0.5cm of normal tissues on histopath
what shape incision do you make and in what direction the the cleavage lines
make a fusiform incision parallel to the cleavage lines
sum up cryotherapy
cheap but not always effective. needs multiple treatments
when can you use CO2 laser
superficial disease only. only penetrates 0.03mm
in general what do we do to lesions if they are large or if we did not acheive clean margins
adjunctive therapy. topical, chemo, immunotherapy
what are common topical adjunctive therapies
5-FU, imiquimod
adjunctive therapy that is proven effective for squamous cell carcinoma
5-FU
treatment for ocular SCC
mitomycin C ophthalmic ointment
we use intratumoral chemo for what size lesion
<10cm post debulking
what does intramural cisplatin cause
apoptosis of cells by cross linking with DNA
BCG is used in what
clinically diagnosed sarcoids
when is chemo indicated
blood tumors, metastatic cancer, nonsurgical solid tumors
what is the goal of chemo
kill the largest amount of tumor ells without causing unacceptable tox in normal tissue
how do steroids work on neoplasia
they induce the killing of hematopoetic cancer through apoptosis
response to therapy is more likely to be acheived when
the tumor is small
