NM and peripheral neuropathies Flashcards
pathophys of botulism
blocks ACH at the neuromuscular junction preventing muscle contraction
where do horses get botulism
round bales, produced in the GIT- foals, deep anaerobic wounds
toxicoinfectious botulism. who and what are the clinical signs
young foals.
stumbling, weak, dragging toes, unable to stand, good prog with intensive care
clinical signs of botulism in adults
dysphagia, weak shuffling gait, +- ileus, colic
weakness but normal mentation?
have botulism on your list and consider treatment early
how to diagnose botulism
diagnosis of exclusion. there are no great tests.
treatment for botulism
botulism antitoxin- this will not reverse current CS but prevent worsening
supportive care
would we give antibiotics to a horse with botulism
if they are adults without a wound, no.
foals with toxicoinf and adults with wounds get antibiotics
prevention of botulism
vaccinate (only protects against type B)
what is polyneuritis equi
granulomatous polyradiculoneuritis of the cauda equina
cauda equina syndrome.
clinical signs of polyneuritis equi
hyperesthesia around hind quarters. progressive caudal paresis , fecal incontinence, asymmetric muscle atrophy
what can cauda equina look like
EPM localized
diagnosis of cauda equina
CSF- mononuclear with high TP (EPM would have normal CSF)
treatment of cauda equina
supportive care, immunosuppressives, steroids.
hopeless prognosis
most common peripheral nerve injuries
facial, suprascapular, radial
neuropraxia
bruising of nerve. transient but takes a long time to heal
axonotmesis
crushing of nerve with epi and peri intact
neurotmesis
complete severance of the nerve
things to remember about peripheral nerve injuries
axons grow at 1mm/day. there can be progression before it gets better. severe muscle loss is expected. failure to heal beyond one year is considered permanent
causes of facial nerve paralysis
compression at facial crest, middle ear or gutteral pouch disease, brain stem disease
hallmark of sweeney (suprascap n)
abduction of the shoulder with muscle atrophy
signs o radial nerve paralysis
inability to use extensors. dropped elbow
general treatment for peripheral neuropathies
time, ice, PT, antiinflammatories
