infectious diseases of the CNS Flashcards
what are the three manifestations of EHV1
respiratory, neuro, abortion
there are two viral genotypes. why do we care
we used to think one caused neuro CS but new studies show that both cause neuro signs
what is the incubation time for EHV1
2-10 days. we care because they are actively shedding here
how does EHV cause neuro signs
it results in vasculitis to the vessels in the brain and spinal cord. theres also virus induced alterations in the coagulation cascade causing ischemia and necrosis
what are the clinical signs of EHV
ataxia, fever, obtundation, CN deficits, recumbency, seizures.
HINDLIMB WEAKNESS and ATAXIA
how to diagnose EHV
PCR
CSF cytology– mononuclear, xanthochromia, protein
what is our antiviral ehv treatment. when do we use it
valacyclovir
prevents replication. give if theres a clinical outbreak and not clinical. give it before CNS signs
general treatment for ehv horse
nsaids, corticosteroids- antivasculitis
aspirin or heparin - anticoagulant
fluids, sling, pt
what can we do to prevent EHV1
vax e6mo if high risk, ZINC immune supplements
when EE has the most suficient circulating virus to jump from horses to humans
VEE
signs of EEs
high fever, circling, mortality, aggression, cp deficits
EE treatment
antiinflammatories and supportive care
diagnosis for EE
igM capture elisa because they should be vax so IgG should be there always
highest mortality for EE
EEE
what are the clinical signs WNV
hindbrain neuro signs– muscle fasciculations, mentation changes, CN abn
muscle fasciculations and narcolepsy
WNV likely
treatment for WNV
supportive care, WNV hyperimmune plasma
prognosis for wnv
fair. if they go down they likely wont ever get back up
incubation for rabies
9 days to 1 year
CS of rabies
cerebral, furious, dumb, spinal, paralytic
definitive diag of rabies
post mortem negri bodies in brain
three ways to get bacterial meningitis
blood-hematogenous
traumatic
extension from the paranasal sinuses
who gets bacti meninigitis
FPT foals
adults with autoimmune issues, lymphoma
CS of bacti meningitis
focal brain seizures-brain signs can progress to comatose
CSF tap for bacti meningitis
neutrophilic pleocytosis, elevated protein
treatment for bacti meningitis
IV antibiotics, NSAIDS, plasma, sc
lyme disease clinical signs
none, to CN signs, ataxia, fever, neck pain, lameness, mild neuro signs, uveitis
what does testing tell us
dont test in the absence of clinical signs.
treatment of lyme disease
oxytetracycline
minocycline
how to diagnose lyme disease
a diagnosis of exclusion
otitis diagnosis and treatment
rads or CT
longterm antibiotics, aural endoscopy and lavage
