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2020 ABIM studying > Onc > Flashcards

Onc Flashcards

1
Q

DCIS tx?

A

Breast conserving therapy, wide excision (lumpectomy) followed by Breast radiation

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2
Q

Estrogen positive DCIS tx?

A

Breast conserving therapy, wide excision (lumpectomy) followed by Breast radiation + tamoxifen

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3
Q

Breast tumors involving the skin, Chest wall, or more than one quad of the breast, inflammatory breast cancer, Contraindications to radiation tx?

A

Mastectomy

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4
Q

Sentinel lymph node biopsy positive, axillary lymph nodes clinically involved with breast cancer tx?

A

Axillary lymph node dissection

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5
Q

Tumor greater than 5 cm, positive surgical margins, Skin or chest wall involvement, Inflammatory breast cancer, greater than four positive axillary nodes. Tx?

A

Chest wall radiation therapy after mastectomy

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6
Q

Aromatase inhibitors (anastrazole, letrozole, exemestane) side fx?

A

Arthralgia, bone pain, Hld, Osteoporosis

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7
Q

Tamoxifen side fx?

A

Endometrial cancer, VTE disease

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8
Q

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin) side fx?

A

Cardiomyopathy, acute leukemia

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9
Q

Trastuzumab side fx?

A

Cardiomyopathy, Especially If used with an anthracycline

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10
Q

Bisphosphonates side fx?

A

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

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11
Q

Denosumab side fx?

A

Hypocalcemia and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

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12
Q

Post renal transplant lymphoma is most often associated with which organism?

A

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

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13
Q

Peripheral blood showing smudge cells is most specifically associated with what condition?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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14
Q

Breast cancer along with sarcomas,leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors and adrenal cancer defines which syndrome?

A

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

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15
Q

Sweet’s Syndrome (fever and painful rash on the arms, legs, trunk, face, or neck. It’s also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) can be associated with what type of malignancy?

A

AML, Can occur with the use of NSAIDs, G, CSF medications, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or pregnancy.

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16
Q

Trastuzumab is used for what positive marker in patients with breast cancer?

A

HER2/neu positive

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17
Q

Treatment of MALT requires eradication of what organism?

A

Heliobacter Pylori (H. pylori)

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18
Q

What are the CD markers for a Reed Sternberg cell in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

CD15 and CD30

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19
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Lytic (“punched out”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

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20
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus “Signet ring”

A

gastric carcinoma

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21
Q

Rapid fire txt: Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole)

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22
Q

Rapid fire txt: Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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23
Q

Rapid fire txt: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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24
Q

t(8;14)- translocation of c-myc and heavy-chain Ig

A

Burkitt lymphoma

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25
Q

t(14;18)- translocation of BCL-2 and heavy-chain Ig

A

Follicular lymphoma

26
Q

t(15;17)- translocation of retinoic acid receptor (RARA gene)

A

AML (M3)- Acute promyelocytic leukemia. Treat with all-trans retinoic acid

27
Q

t(11;14)- translocation of cyclin D1

A

Mantle cell lymphoma. Txt w/RCHOP

28
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)?

A

H. pylori

29
Q

Breast cancer (most common/important association)?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

30
Q

Breast tumor (benign, young woman)?

A

Fibroadenoma

31
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL) associated with what cancer?

A

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

32
Q

Rapid fire assoc:”Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of the bone (generally benign)

33
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Raised periosteum (creating a “Codman triangle”)

A

Aggressive bone lesion (eg, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

34
Q

Rapid fire assoc:”Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

35
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Psammoma bodies (4)

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

36
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

37
Q

What is the treatment of M3form of AML?

A

All-Trans Retinoic Acid(ATRA)

38
Q

What is the syndrome that contains the triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis?

A

Horner’s Syndrome (assoc w/pancoast tumor From squamous cell carcinoma)

39
Q

What is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary thyroid cancer(papillary carcinoma)

40
Q

What group of testicular cancer is not sensitive to radiation therapy?

A

Non-seminomas (eg. teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor)

41
Q

Which type of anemia is a common complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A

Warm agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia

42
Q

CLL Txt?

A

Ibrutinib (Bruton kinase inhibitor), alkylating agents (chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, bendamustine), purine nucleoside analogs (fludarabine, cladribine, pentostatin), Monoclonal antibodies (Rituximab)

43
Q

Which type of cancer is least likely to metastasize to the brain and usually produces blastic bone lesions?

A

Prostate cancer

44
Q

Which type of lung cancer can give a paraneoplastic syndrome of gynecomastia?

A

Large cell carcinoma

45
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

46
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

47
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

48
Q

Which marker is often associated with ovarian cancer?

A

CA 125

49
Q

Which marker is often associated with pancreatic cancer?

A

CA 19-9

50
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Giant B lymphocytes with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

51
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Glomerulus -like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

52
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections or eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

53
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

54
Q

To which class of medications do tamoxifen and raloxifene belong?

A

SERMs, Selective estrogen receptor modulators.

55
Q

CSF analysis in CNS lymphoma shows what cell population?

A

Monoclonal B cell population.

56
Q

What rash is associated with glucagonoma?

A

Necrolytic migratory Erythema (NME)

57
Q

The diagnosis of Glucagonoma is suggested with Glucagon levels above what?

A

> 1000 pg/mL

58
Q

What chemotherapeutic agent Is used with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Sorafenib or regorafenib

59
Q

What are the three possible interventions for localized hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiation.

60
Q

What is the Chemotherapeutic regimen for colon cancer?

A

FOLFOX, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, folinic acid, Oxaliplatin.

2020 ABIM studying (12 decks)

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