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2020 ABIM studying > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Besides a traumatic tap, what condition is often associated with red blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid on lumbar puncture?

A

HSV encephalitis

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2
Q

Bilateral lateral rectus palsy is often seen with what vascular condition?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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3
Q

Blood pressure greater than or equal to what value is a contraindication for t-PA therapy in patients with ischemic stroke?

A

Systolic blood pressure greater than185mmHg or Diastolic blood pressure greater than 110mmHg

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4
Q

An obese individual with headaches is found to have a high opening pressure during lumbar pressure. What Is the best medication for this pt’s likely condition?

A

Acetazolamide (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)

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5
Q

Name four commonly prescribed medications that can cause aseptic meningitis.

A

TMP-SMX (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole), IVIG (Immunoglobulin),NSAIDS, Carbamazepine

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6
Q

Patient is found to have left homonymous quadrantanopia. Where is the lesion?

A

Right optic radiation

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7
Q

What are the MRI T1 (increased/decreased)and T2 (increased/decreased) signal changes seen in patients with multiple sclerosis?

A

Decreased T1 and Increased T2

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8
Q

Optic chiasm compression will lead to what eye abnormality?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

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9
Q

What area of the brain is affected with the diagnosis featuring bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability and resting tremor?

A

Substantia nigra (likely diagnosis is Parkinson’s disease)

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10
Q

Rapid fire txt: Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

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11
Q

Rapid fire txt: Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

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12
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies associated w/what dz?

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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13
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome tx?

A

Rx: IVIG and Plasmapheresis

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14
Q

Don’t confuse GBS w/what dz that has descending paralysis?

A

Botulism

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15
Q

Rapid fire txt: Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide (treatment)

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16
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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17
Q

Rapid fire txt: Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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18
Q

Rapid fire txt: Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

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19
Q

Rapid fire txt: Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

20
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

21
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

22
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

23
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

24
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

25
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3º syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

26
Q

Rapid fire assoc:Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

27
Q

Rapid fire assoc: Bloody or yellow (xanthochromia) tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

28
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

29
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead

30
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Multiple sclerosis

31
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

32
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)

33
Q

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype)

34
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait

A

Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)

35
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

36
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF, may be unilateral or bilateral)

37
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A 
Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal 
artery rupture)
38
Q

What is the triad of symptoms you would expect in a patient with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?

A

Ataxia (wide based gait), dementia,and urinary incontinence (Wet, wobbly, wacky)

39
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas dx?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

40
Q

Which class of medication is used to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Calcium channel blockers (eg.nimodipine, nifedipine)

41
Q

What is POUND criteria for migraine?

A

Pulsatile quality, one day duration, unilateral, nausea or vomiting, disabling intensity

42
Q

Persistent vertigo, limb ataxia, bidirectional nystagmus, symptoms greater than 72 hours suggest what diagnosis?

A

cerebellar stroke

43
Q

Highly aggressive cancer. Pts p/w seizures, n/v, headache, rapid neuro decline. What’s the dx?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

44
Q

Scattered ovoid shaped, periventricular white matter lesions on MRI suggest what diagnosis?

A

Multiple sclerosis

45
Q

What diagnosis is suggested by foot or wrist drop as well as pain, nausea, loss of reflexes?

A

Mononeuritis multiplex

2020 ABIM studying (12 decks)

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