On a brink of a new world

Question 1

age of expansion

Answer 1

2. crucial factor in the European transition from the agrarian economy of Middle Ages to a commercial and industrial capitalistic system 3. led Europeans into new and lasting contacts with non-European peoples that inaugurated a new age of world history

Question 2

Europe and the outside world

Answer 2

1. never completely lost touch with outside world, contacts with non European civilization remained limited until the end of the 15th century

Question 3

catholic europe

Answer 3

1. confined to one geographic area, crusades = failure

Question 4

the travels of john mandeville

Answer 4

1. spoke of realms filled with precious stones and gold 2. other lands were more frightening and considerably less appealing 3. some people were scary and evil

Question 5

portolani

Answer 5

1. charts made by medieval navigators and mathematicians 3. proved great value for voyages in European waters 4. drawn on a flat scale and took no account of the curvature of the earth 5. little of use for oversea voyages

Question 6

Ptolemy

Answer 6

geography, had world map and book availble to eruopeans, showed three major landmasses and two oceans (not accurate), understimated circumference of eath

Question 7

seaworthy ships

Answer 7

used axial rubber and lateen sails to make ships strong enought o resist wind and to fight and to carry goods and go long distance

Question 8

before knowledge of sailing technology

Answer 8

1. sailors used a quadrant and their knowledge of the position of the Pole star to ascertain their latitude 2. below the equator this technique is useless

Question 9

growing knowledge of the wind patterns of the Atlantic

Answer 9

first, they when to the coast of West Africa and met strong winds from north, second time: caught western winds

Question 10

prince Henry the naviator

Answer 10

motive: seeking chrisian kingdom, trade opporunties for porugese, speading chrisanity, found school for navigators, led portugese in exploration of Africa

Question 11

Portuguese fleets

Answer 11

went to western coast of Africa to search for gold, came to the sengal river and brought back black Africans

Question 12

Portuguese in Indian

Answer 12

1. dias
2. heard of route to Indian around southern tip of Africa
3. gama
4. wanted to destroy Arab shipping and establish monopoly (blocked enterance to red sea)
5. Alberugee (goa)

Question 13

Bartholomeu Dias

Answer 13

1.took advantage of westerly winds in South Atlantic to round the Cape of Good hope, but feared a mutiny from his crew and returned

Question 14

Vasco de Gama

Answer 14

after Dias, went on the east of africa, then reach southeastern coast of Inida (calcuit), found spices but no Chrisianitans

Question 15

Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque

Answer 15

1. set up port facilities at Goa, on the western coast of Indian south 2. wanted to control malaca b/c provide porguese with away station on the route ot the moluccas, and help destroy Arab spice trade)

Question 16

in search of spice

Answer 16

1. malacca (albequere and massacre Arab population)
2. china and spiceislands (treaty = purchase and exchange of cloves)
3. go tcontrol of spice trade from Muslim traders
4. were limited (trading posts only in China and Inida, no power and deisre to colonize)

Question 17

economic motives

Answer 17

1. guns and ships (at first, modest, but then heavily armed, able to intimidate and inflict defeats)
2. effective use of techniquies
3. their tactics

Question 18

why go on voyages

Answer 18

1. fanastic lands (literature works, travles of john mandeville and stories about chrisitan kingdoms)
2. marco polo got to kublai khan
3. mongols opened doors to central Asia
4. conquests of ottoman turks and break up of mongol empire = reduced traffic to eat (posbility of reaching eat)
5. ecnomic motive (finding new areas of trade, spice, and gold and silver)
6. religious seils (connect heathen to chrisianity)

Question 19

what made voyages possible

Answer 19

1. growth of centralizied monarchies during Renaissance (monarchies increase authroity and resrouces ) 2. maps (portalnai, and geography) 3. ships 4. knowledge of wind pattersn in altnaic ocean

Question 20

spanish

Answer 20

reached destination by saling across the Atlantic

Question 21

Chrisopher columbus

Answer 21

thought the circumference of eath less than what everyone else believed, believed asia was larger, felt asia could be reached by sailing west, instead of sailing around africa), funded by spanish, believed he reached Asia (told king and queen that he find gold and natives to convert),

Question 22

new voyages

Answer 22

john cabot (new england coast), cabral (south america), vespucci (letters about new worl), balboa (panama, reach pacific ocean), magellan AFTER COLUMBUS

Question 23

magellan

Answer 23

passed strait of magellan, pacifc ocean and philipies (was killed there)

Question 24

treaty of TOrdesillas

Answer 24

divided world into portugese and spnaish spheres, spanish had more

Question 25

Conquisadrs

Answer 25

spanish conquerors, motivation: glory, greed, religious crusading zeil, weapons organizational skills and determintion = their success

Question 26

mesoamerica

Answer 26

many civilizations (maya, aztecs and inca), central america and mexico

Question 27

maya

Answer 27

calender, buildings, agarian people (develop farming and parch of city states), Yucatan penninsula

Question 28

aztecs

Answer 28

northern mexico, tenochiltan (capital), buildings, causeways (linking empire), aquedcut, oustanding warriors (wanted to control other areas), kingdom: semiindepdent terriotires (ruled by local lords who gave money to ruler as sign of authroity)

Question 29

hernan Cortes

Answer 29

AZTECS CONQUERED, went to TEnochitialin (made alliances on the way, tlaxaclan), met Moctezuma (aztec monarch), after given gifts and stuff took him hostage and pillage city, people revolted and drove cortes away, but then afffected by small pox, cortes came back with army from Tlaxcalan

Question 30

Montezuma

Answer 30

thought cortes was a representative of Quetzonola (god that departed and promised he would return), gave him gifts and palace

Question 31

Inca

Answer 31

landed cmapgain that brought region to their control, Cuzco was their captial, Pachikaiti (ruler), divided region into four quarters (ruled by governor) then provinces (ruled by governor too), great builders (road from chile to columbia)

Question 32

Pizarro

Answer 32

INCA, spanish, advantages: small pox hit Incas, guns weapons horses and cannons, inca emperor affected by small pox (two sons then fought for throne, civil war broke out), took Atachandra then Cuzco (with allies)

Question 33

Administration of Spanish Empir

Answer 33

1. econmedia 2. vicerorys 3. catholic monarchs of spain 3. diseases 4. protest againt harsh treament

Question 34

econmedia

Answer 34

queen declread them to be subjects of Castile and insituted ecnomeida, permitted spanriards to collect tribute from natives and use them as laboers, natives were to be protected, paid wages, free to carry out their system of governemt and superivse their spiritual needs, but settlers pursed their own desires (made them work on planations and mines)

Question 35

natives toll

Answer 35

dieases (small pox, miseasles, typhus), they were not immune

Question 36

protests against harsh treametn

Answer 36

Dominaican Friars, Casas (abolished ecnomieda sytem and promised more protection for salves)

Question 37

vicerorys

Answer 37

possesion divded into New Spain (mexico city was the center) and Peru (viceroy in Lima), they were expected to keep clam and justic, were kings chief and military officer, aided by audiences (also supreme judicial bodies)

Question 38

Catholic monarches of Spain

Answer 38

extensive rights over eccalstional affairs in the new world (appoints clergy, colect fees, superivse), misionaries went to convert natives, conversion of Indians brought structure of Catholisicm to New World