Meaning and Characteristics of Italian Renaissance #2

Question 1

women

Answer 1

managed houhold (freedom), upper class (get pregnant to get male hair b/c children died early), poor (did not get as pregnant as much as upper class women b/c didn’t have wetnurses), children died early, child birth was deadly

Question 2

Marriage

Answer 2

arranged (no emotional attachment lead to extrameterial relationships), normal for men to chat, women could not, age difference (seek sexual outlets and prostituion)

Question 3

15th century Italian states

Answer 3

five major powers dominated Italian peninsula, Milan, Venice, Florence, Papal state, and Naples, indepdnent city states under control of ruling families (centers of Renaissance culture)

Question 4

Frances Sforza

Answer 4

he turned on his Milanese employment conquered city and became duke, one of leading condottieri of the time

Question 5

Visconit and Sforza

Answer 5

both worked to create a highly centralized territorial state

Question 6

Venice

Answer 6

northern Italian, governed by few mechant aristants, commericial empire gave revenue and international power, tried to take lands (expand)

Question 7

Republic of Florence

Answer 7

Tusancy, Cosmio de’ Medici, governed by small merchant oligarchy

Question 8

papal state

Answer 8

central Italy, under papal authroity but Avignon and Great schism caused them to Independent

Question 9

kingdom of naples

Answer 9

most of southern Italy, fought over by French and Aragonese, dominated by unruly nobles,

Question 10

Federigo de Montefeltro

Answer 10

ruled Urbino, received Classical education, was honest, reliable, greatest patrons of Renaissance culture

Question 11

Concept of balance of power

Answer 11

designed to prevent aggrandizement of anyone state at the expense of others, evident after 1454 when Italian states signed peace of Lodi, alliance

Question 12

peace of Lodi

Answer 12

ended almost half-century of war, inaugurated relatively peaceful forty ear in year, alliance system did not create a cooperation among major powers

Question 13

prostitiution

Answer 13

existence of young males (unmarried) encouraged extramarital sex as well as prostitution, viewed as neccessary vice, was regulated

Question 14

Cosmio de’ medici

Answer 14

took control of oligarchy, Medicini family ran government from behind the scenes

Question 15

generation of Italian Wars

Answer 15

war continued by Francis I (France) and Charles I of Spain, sacking of Rome by Spanish armies of Charles I brought temporary end, then Spain dominate Italy

Question 16

ambassador during the Middle Ages

Answer 16

regarded himself as servant of all Christendom, sacred because he acts for the general well fare

Question 17

Renaissance ambassadors

Answer 17

use of permanent ambassadors because Italian states get information from other states, serve only state

Question 18

niccclo Machievelli

Answer 18

during Medici family in power and after French invastion and Spanish vicotry and Medici back in power, got exiled then gave up politcis and wrote book (the prince)

Question 19

the prince

Answer 19

sources came from knowledge of Ancient Rome and precoccupation with Italian states (battlefield), concerend with acquisition and expansion and political power as means to restore and maintain order in his time

Question 20

old middle ages idea

Answer 20

ruler was justified in political power only if he contributed to the common god of people he saved, behave based on Christian moral principles

Question 21

Machiavelli’s diea

Answer 21

prince’s attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of human nature (self centered), not restrcited to moral consideration, let consiecne sleep

Question 22

l’umono universale

Answer 22

social ideal of well-rounded personality or universal person, capable of achievement in many areas of life

Question 23

Ferrar

Answer 23

governed by d’Este family

Question 24

Urbino

Answer 24

Montefeltro dynasty, became well known cultural and intellectual center

Question 25

Battista Sforza

Answer 25

niece of ruler of Milan, wife of Ferdigo de Montifelto, intelligent, fostered art and letters in Urbino, respected for governing with firmness and good sesnse

Question 26

Isabella d’Este

Answer 26

daughter of duke of Ferrard, known for intelligence and political wisdom, married Franceso Gonzaga, married Franceso Gonzaga, Marquis of manuta, attracted artists and intellectuals to Magtuan

Question 27

trouble for Italy cause

Answer 27

breakdown of Italian balance of power

Question 28

trouble for Italy time line

Answer 28

1. cudorio Sforza (duke of Milan) invite French to intervene with Italian politics
2. Charles VII advanced and occupied Naples
3. Italian states asked Spain
4. Fredinand of Aragon indicated his willingness to intervene
5. next 15 years France and Spain competed to dominate Italy

Question 29

manuta

Answer 29

under rule of Gongza

Question 30

after the Italian Wars

Answer 30

created alliances to repel invaders, loyal to twon states and considered non Italians barbarians