Omasal and Abomasal Disorders Flashcards
What is one of the functions of the omasum?
- Absorb volatile fatty acids, electrolytes, water
How does omasal impaction occur?
- Occurs when giving rough fibrous feeds during drought or being fed machine-made wheat
- *difficult to distinguish from other forestomach disorders**
What are the clinical signs of omasal impaction?
anorexia ➤ dehydration ➤ abdominal distention ➤ ruminal hypomotility ➤ no palpable abnormalities of intestines ➤ empty rectum (no feces)
How do you diagnose omasal impaction?
- Exploratory rumenotomy
How do you treat omasal impaction?
- Fluids
- Supportive care
- Change diet
What are predisposing factors to abomasal ulcers?
- Any age cattle
- New stressors
What organisms can potentially cause abomasal ulcers?
- H. pylori?
- Clostridium
- Campylobacter
- Strep
- Fungi
- C. Perfringens type A
What are the different types of abomasal ulcers?
Non perforating ulcers ➤ Non bleeding ulcers (Type 1) ➤ Major bleeding (Type II) ➤ Perforating ulcers ➤ Local peritonitis (Type III) ➤ Diffuse peritonitis (Type IV)
What are type I abomasal ulcers associated with?
- LDAs, coliform mastitis, metritis
What are the clinical signs of type I abomasal ulcers?
- Reduced feed intake and milk production
- Darkened soft/ fluid feces
- Diagnosed at necropsy
- Minimal anemia
What are clinical signs of type II abomasal ulcers?
- Black tarry feces w/ anemia
- Large decrease in milk production, appetite, and motility
How do you diagnose type II abomasal ulcers
- Anemia (PCV < 15%)
- Guaiac fecal occult blood test –> 75ml loss/ day
What other disease is type II abomasal ulcers associated with?
- Lymphosarcoma
How do you treat types I and II abomasal ulcers?
- Treat other diseases, reduce stress, correct diet
- Give whole blood for anemia (at least 5 L, no cross matching necessary)
- Can give ranitidine IV (not PO!!!!)
What disease does type III perforating abomasal ulcer resemble?
- TPR
- CS include moderately febrile, anorectic, acutely deceased milk production
What are the clinical signs of type IV perforating abomasal ulcer?
- A medical emergency**
- Tachycardia
- Rumen stasis
- Severe dehydration
- Recumbency with cold extermities
What diagnostics would you perform for perforating abomasal ulcers?
- Abdominocentesis (toxic neutrophils w/ intracellular bacteria)
- Type III –> neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia ( hyperglobulinemia/ hyperfibrinogenemia)
- Type IV severe neutropenia, hemoconcentration, hypoproteinemia
How do you treat perforating abomasal ulcers?
- Broad spectrum antibiotics
- Stall rest
What is the prognosis for abomasal ulcers?
- Types I-III fair (unless lymphosarc)
- Type IV GRAVE!!!!!
What is the most common side for displaced abomasum?
- Left side –> no volvulus/ occlusion/ obstruction
**right is rare-ish (and an emergency) –> rotates around mesenteric axis causing obstruction and ischemia
What factors predispose cattle to displaced abomasum?
- Dairy cattle 4-7 years old with 2 weeks of lactation
- Associated with periparturient disease
- Seasons
- Improper diets
What biochem values can determine LDAs?
- AST, milk protein-fat ratio, BHB (most important)
How can you diagnose displaced abomasum?
- Ausculation and percussion –> check central - caudal central abdomen
- Ping on left side = rumen gas
- Ping on right side = gas in spiral colon/ cecum
- Liptack test –> Centese area below gas ping, abomasum has pH <4.5 and “burnt almond smell”
- US
- Definitive = abdominal exploratory
How can you medically treat a displaced abomasum? Surgically?
- Medically –> combine with surgery and correct underlying cause
- Surgically –> many options (roll and toggle, right flank omentopexy/ omentoabomasopexy, left flank abomasopexy, right paramedian abomasopexy, laparoscopic abomasopexy)
