Environmental Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the economic impact of environmental impact compared to contagious mastitis?

A
  • Environment mastitis causes losses of discarded/ non-saleable milk with clinical disease
  • Contagious milk cause loss from decreased milk production in sub-clinical
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2
Q

What are common pathogens found in enviromental mastitis?

A

Common major pathogens - Coliform bacteria, Streptococci (not agalactiae)

Less common major bacteria - fungi/yeasts, algae (Prototheca)

Common minor pathogens- Staph sp. other than S. aureus

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3
Q

Where does environmental mastitis pathogens originate?

A
  • Intestinal flora from feces
  • Soil and water
  • Skin/ other body sites
  • Ubiquitous on farms
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4
Q

How do you control environmental mastitis in cows?

A
  • Allow cows to lay down in clean, dry, comfortable stalls of proper length
  • Rotate pastures
  • Avoid overcrowding
  • Remove manure frequently
  • Have properly ventilated barns protected from environment
  • Clip/ heat remove hair from udders
  • Effective per-milking teat cleaning
  • Regular machine evaluation
  • Clean, dry post-milking environment
  • Clean, dry calving area (ideally cleaned between calvings)
  • Teat sealant
  • Vaccinate against core LPS antigens –>
    reduces severity(none againts)
  • Give good nutrition
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5
Q

What type of bedding do you want to use in cows to prevent environmental mastitis?

A
  • Sand is preferable –> inorganic and comfortable

- Don’t use organic bedding –> supports more bacterial growth, more work for the farm

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6
Q

When does the incidence of environmental mastitis increase?

A
  • Milk gland susceptible to mastitis during dry period
  • Early infection is first 2 weeks, late is last 2 weeks
  • Infection may not be clinical until after calving –> gland is sensitive during early lactation (periparturient immunosuppresion, increased milk yield, concurrent disease)
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7
Q

When is the milk gland more susceptible to mastitis: during dry-off or calving?

A

Both actually!

  • Dry-off –> treat with antibiotics to prevent gram positive mastitis though many environmental pathogens are resistant
  • Calving –> Antibiotic concentration from dry period has declined making gland susceptible to all environmental pathogens
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