Bovine Upper GI Diseases Flashcards
What is an effective way to age cattle?
Look at the teeth!
What is the infectious agent for vesicular stomatitis?
Rhabdoviridae - bullet shaped virus
How is vesicular stomatitis spread?
Horizontal transmission via vectors (midges, black flies, sand fleas), direct contact
–> results in economic losses (low milk, poor reproduction, death)
When are clinical signs seen are what are they?
- Have 3-14 day incubation
- see vesicles on tongue, lip, muzzle, interdigital skin, teats
- causes excessive salivation, not eating, lameness
How do you treat and contain Vesicular stomatitis?
- Isolate animal and contain for 30 days past last clinical sign
- give easy to consume feed
How do you test for vesicular stomatitis?
- Call state vet!!! Indistinguishable from FMD (REPORTABLE)
- test vesicular fluid, epithelium, serum, lesion swabs - viral isolation, ELISA, virus neutralization, PCR
What causes foot and mouth disease?
Picornavirus
- Several serotypes and subtypes
- Very hardy in environment
What animals are most clinically affected by FMD? Which incubate without clinical signs?
- Cattle and swine most clinically affected
- Small ruminants incubate without CS
How is FMD tramsmitted?
- By aerosol, direct contact, fomites
- Resp tract most common infection site in cows
What are clinical signs of FMD?
- Excessive salivation, lip smacking, vesicles on mouth mucosa, tongue, palate, teats, nares, interdigital skin, coronary bands
How do you treat FMD?
- CALL STATE VET
- Isolate/ slaughter all affected/ exposed animals
- Vaccinated and quarantine in endemic areas
What causes bovine papular stomatitis?
- Parapoxvirus
What are clinical signs of BPS?
- Raised papules on muzzle, lips, oral mucosa
Which age of cattle are affected by BPS?
- Calves – mild disease
How does Actinomyces bovis cause disease?
- Opportunistic infection after break in epithelium/ mucosa
- Normally found in oral and Resp Tract
What are clinical signs for actinomycosis?
- “lumpy jaw”
- Osteomylelitis of mandible/ maxilla
- non-painful mass
How do you diagnose actinomycosis?
- History and CE
- Definitive diagnosis from culture (difficult), exudate smear (see SULFUR GRANULES)
- Gram positive, club shaped rods and filaments
How do you treat actinomycosis?
- IV sodium iodide –> several treatments 5-10 days apart
- Antibiotics
- Debride wound
How does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause disease?
- Opportunistic when breaking through epithelium and mucosa
- Normally in GI tract
What are the clinical signs of Actinobacillosis?
- Granulomatous glossitis (wooden tongue)
- Dysphagia, drooling, tongue protrusion
- Head and neck granulomas
How do you diagnose Actinobacillosis?
- See excessive painful, exudative granulation tissues
- Sulfur granules
- Isolate organism (easy in lab)
How do you treat Actinobacillosis?
- IV 20% NaI
- Antibiotics
- Debride
- Better prognosis than Actinomycosis
What are some common causes of pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal abscesses?
- Injury following oral treatments
- e.g balling guns, frick speculum, orogastric tubes, drenching instrument
What are clinical signs of pharyngeal lacerations, retropharyngeal abscesses?
- Mild inappetence
- Respiratory distress –> head and neck extension, swelling and inspiratory distrees, necrotic breath
- Death
How can you diagnose pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal abscesses?
- Mouth speculum/ endoscopy
- Radiographs (find abscess)
- US (differentiate from cellulitis and abscess)
How do you treat pharyngeal lacerations/ retropharyngeal absecesses?
- Mild cases self-resolve on their own
- Large lesions - carefully lavage, rumen fistula
- Prognosis guarded
What is the causative agent of calf diptheria
- Fusobacterium necrophorum (necrobacillosis)
- Normal oral cavity inhabitant but invades tissues from damage
What are clinical signs of calf diphteria?
- “barking calves”
- extended head and neck
- Respiratory distress
How do you treat necrobacillosis?
- if mild, use antibiotics
- Don’t stress if respiratory distress –> give temporary tracheostomy, tube feed, recover quickly
What causes esophogeal obstructions/ choke? What are the clinical signs?
- Ingesting foreign objects/ food without entirely chewing
- Appear anxious, head/ neck extension, excessive salivation, retching
- Can result in respiratory distress and death
How do you treat esophageal obstructions/ choke?
- Pass a large bore orogastric tube
- Sedate
- Small lavage
