Neonatal Diarrhea Flashcards
How is enterotoxigenic E. coli spread?
Fecal-oral route
- K99 Fimbria (F5) allow colonization of the ileum
- Heat stable toxin increases intestinal secretions, resulting in secretory diarrhea
- 80% of bacteria attach
What are the clinical signs of enterotoxigenic E. coli?
- Secretory diarrhea and severe dehydration
How do you treat enterotoxigenic E. coli?
Amoxicillin 10mg/kg (remove bacteria)
Oral electrolyte solution (fix dehydration)
- Prevent with vaccine and clean environment
How does rotatvirus cause diarrhea?
- Attaches to villous enterocytes, resulting in decreased surface area and malabsorptive diarrhea
- Resolves in ~2 days in uncomplicated cases
How does coronavirus cause diarrhea?
- Attaches to crypt and villous enterocytes, resulting in maldigestion and malabsorption
- Has longer duration that rotavirus
What is the shedding period of Crytosporidium parvum?
- Starts at 3 days, peaks at 2 weeks, can occur in adults
- Likes to stay in the environment
How does C. parvum cause diarrhea?
- Causes severe villous atrophy –> malabsorptive diarrhea
- Severity depends on calf and environment
How do you treat C. parvum?
- Supportive care
- Antibiotics aren’t effective
- Prevent by reducing herd exposure
- *no vaccine**
What Salmonella serotypes are important in cattle?
S. typimurium, dublin, newport
- Cause secretory diarrhea by penetrating mucosa and causing intense submucosal inflammation
What are two common causes of coccidiosis?
- Eimeria bovis and E. zuernii
- Infection depends on parasite life cycle
- CS = bloody diarrhea
How does giardia cause diarrhea?
Unknown mechanism but common cause of diarrhea in cattle
How can you diagnose causative agent of diarrhea?
Fecal sample –> fast, reliable, determines treatment
How do you treat diarrhea?
- Correct fluid imbalance
* * needs IV fluids at 8-14% dehydration**
How can you determine hydration status in calves?
5%: Normal demeanor, no eyeball recession, <1 sec skin tent
6-8%: Slightly depressed demeanor, 2-4 mm eyeball recession, 1-2 sec skin tent
8-10%: Depressed demeanor, 4-6mm eyeball recession, 2-5 sec skin tent
10-12%: Comatose demeanor, 6-8 mm eyeball recession, 5-10 sec skin tent
>12%: Comatose/ dead, 8-12mm eyeball recession, >10 sec skin tent
What should be included in your fluids for a diarrhea-dehydrated calf?
Electrolytes, sodium bicarb, glucose