Older Adulthood Flashcards by Sophia Barrida

what age range is young-old?

65-74 years

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what age range is older adulthood?

> 65 years

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what age range is middle-old?

75-84 years

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what age range is old-old?

85 yrs +

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define gerontology

the study of aging and older adults

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define pathological aging

aging related to the impact of alterations in health (such as disease)

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define biological aging

intrinsic/natural processes of biological change over time

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define healthy aging

A state of preserved function without illness, and the promotion of a healthy aging lifestyle throughout life

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is pain a normal part of aging?

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is incontinence a normal part of aging?

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which sex has a longer life expectancy?

females

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what erikson stage is older adulthood?

integrity vs despair

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what are some changes with cognitive development in older adulthood?

changes in sensory function can impact cognitive processes

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what are some common changes of physical development in older adulthood?

Loss of height
Decrease in muscle tone, strength, ROM
Decreased visual acuity, hearing, taste and smell
Decreased respiratory capacity
Increased blood pressure

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what are common diagnoses in older adults?

arthritis
high BP
high cholesterol
diabetes
cataracts
back problems
cancer
osteoperosis

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define ageism

stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination toward others and oneself based on age

waht are some examples of ageism?

Policies that support healthcare rationing by age
Patronizing behaviors used in interactions with older people
Self-limiting behavior (I am too old to…)

what health problems can ageism be related to?

depression
earlier death
poorer physical and mental health
slower recovery from disability in older age
increased risky behaviours

what are 3 strategies used in reducing or eliminating ageism?

policy and law
educational activities
intergenerational interventions

is cognitive decline expected in older adults?

what are common conditions impacting cognition?

3 D’s

delirium
dementia
depression

define delirium

A medical emergency which is characterized by acute and fluctuating onset confusion, disturbances in attention, disorganized thinking and/or decline in level of consciousness

define depression

A cluster of depressive symptoms that is present on most days, for most of the time, for at least 2 weeks and when the symptoms are of such intensity that they are out of ordinary for that person.

define dementia

A gradual and progressive decline in mental processing ability that affects short term memory, communication, language, judgement, reasoning, and abstract thinking.

what is the difference between alzheimers and dementia?

* Dementia is a general term while Alzheimer’s is a specific brain disease * dementia is an umbrella term for diseases

what are common symptoms of dementia?

* Amnesia (loss of memory) * Aphasia (loss of language) * Agnosia (loss of recognition) * Altered Perception (loss of perceptual acuity) * Apathy (loss of initiation)

name some examples of types of dementia

* Alzheimer’s disease (most common) * Vascular dementia * Lexy body dementia * Frontotemporal dementia * Creutzfeldt-Jacobs dementia * Mixed dementia

how does Creutzfeldt-jacob differ from other dementias?

has a more rapid progression and more physical symptoms

what are some symptoms of depression? ## Footnote `

* disturbed sleep * decreased interest in activities * feelings of guilt * low energy * poor concentration * disrupted appetite * suicidal ideation

what are some symptoms of delirium?

**hyperactive:** * agitation * restlessness * hallucinations **hypoactive:** * unarousable * very sleepy

what are the components of the confusion assessment method (CAM) scale? | 1-4

1 – presence of acute onset and fluctuating course 2 – inattention 3 – disorganized thinking 4 – altered level of consciousness

define functional ability

Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

what are examples of atypical presentations/symptoms of disease in older adults?

* Infection without fever or tachycardia * Myocardial infarction without acute chest pain * Depression without sadness * Acute confusion with illness/infection (considered a medical emergency) * Non-dyspneic pulmonary edema

define elder abuse

refers to the mistreatment of an older adult by another person in a position of power or trust

what areas can we provide primary prevention for in older adults?

* fall prevention * immunizations * physical activity * proper nutrition * limit alcohol use

what areas can we provide secondaru prevention for in older adults?

* screening for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fecal occult blood, PSA screening * Pap test until around age 70, mammograms at age 75 unless reccomended by primary care provider

what areas can we provide tertiary prevention for in older adults?

* Prompt access to care * Rehabilitation following health events

define blue zones

Geographical areas with less chronic illness and a longer lifespan

define centernarian

a person who has reached the age of 100