Birth to Adolescence

Question 1

what age range falls under infancy?

Answer 1

birth to 12 mos

Question 2

what age range falls under toddler?

Answer 2

12 to 15 mos, can be up to 3 years

Question 3

what are the 3 divisions of preschool and school-age and what age ranges fall under these divisions?

Answer 3

• early childhood (3-5 yrs)
• middle childhood (6-8 yrs)
• late childhood (8-12 yrs)

Question 4

what age range falls under adolescence?

Answer 4

13-19 yrs

Question 5

the most rapid period of growth occurs when?

Answer 5

during infancy - the first year of life

Question 6

what is a gender pattern of growth during infancy?

Answer 6

infant boys tend to be bigger than girls

Question 7

what is a birth order pattern of growth in infants?

Answer 7

first borns tend to be smaller than subsequent siblings

Question 8

what is an expected marker of infants between 0-4 mos?

Answer 8

• crude reflexes
• can roll over

Question 9

what is an expected marker of infants between 4-7 mos?

Answer 9

• sits
• graps/picks up objects

Question 10

what is an expected marker of infants between 8-12 mos?

Answer 10

• progression from crawling to standing to walking

Question 11

why are babies encouraged to sleep on their back?

Answer 11

to reduce risk of SIDS

Question 12

what is SIDS?

Answer 12

sudden infant death syndrom, typically due to restricted airflow, overheating, or rebreathing exhaled carbon dioxide

Question 13

what is the Erikson stage of development of infants?

Answer 13

trust vs mistrust

Question 14

what Freud psychosexual stage are infants in?

Answer 14

oral

Question 15

what Piaget stage are children in before preschool?

Answer 15

sensorimotor

Question 16

in which forms are infants expected to communicate in?

Answer 16

• social smile
• non-verbal vocalizations (crying, cooing)
• babbling, couple words
• mimicing or trying to

Question 17

when is the APGAR assessment performed?

Answer 17

immediately after birth and then again after 5 minutes

Question 18

what are the 5 components of an APGAR assessment?

Answer 18

• color
• heart rate
• respiratory rate
• muscle tone
• reflex irritability

CHRMR

Question 19

what is the expected score of an APGAR test immediately after birth and 5 minutes after?

Answer 19

8-9; 8-10

Question 20

how do expected vital signs in infants and children differ from those of adults?

Answer 20

infants and children have a higher, expected heart rate and respiratory rate than adults

Question 21

what are growth charts?

Answer 21

a tool to monitor growth within “expected limits” (length, weight, head circumference)

Question 21

what is developmental screening?

Answer 21

use of developmental milestones to provide a guide for expected development

Question 22

what are major areas of health promotion in infants?

Answer 22

• SIDS
• teaching and encouraging parents
• nutrition
• sleep
• safety
• immunizations

Question 23

at what age is it considered safe for a child to have cow’s milk?

Answer 23

9-12 months

Question 24

what is "failure to thrive?"

Answer 24

A condition that may result from an inadequate parent-child relationship and is characterized by feeding difficulties, irritability, and inhibited weight gain

Question 25

name an example of an organic cause of failure to thrive

Answer 25

malapsorption syndromes, GI malformations

Question 26

name an example of a nonorganic cause of failure to thrive

Answer 26

inappropriate or dysfunctional feeding processes by parents

Question 27

what are some expected markers of physical G&D in toddler stage?

Answer 27

* growth in motor skills * walking to running to riding a bike * 20 teeth * bladder and bowel control

Question 28

what Erikson stage are toddlers in?

Answer 28

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Question 29

what psychosocial Freud stage are toddlers in?

Answer 29

anal

Question 30

what Piaget stage are toddlers in?

Answer 30

sensorimotor

Question 31

what are some expected markers of cognitive G&D in toddlers?

Answer 31

* curiosity * object permenance * imitation of others * understand cause and effect

Question 32

what is object permanence?

Answer 32

ability to recognize that things exist even if you cannot see it

Question 33

what are expected markers of communication for toddlers?

Answer 33

* rapidly growing vocabulary * 2 word sentences * receptiveness * self-oriented communication

Question 34

define development regression

Answer 34

loss of acquired skill or backwards development

Question 35

define developmental arrest

Answer 35

development has fully stopped, toddler is stuck

Question 36

what is the Nipissing District Developmental Screen

Answer 36

a checklist designed to monitor a child's development by assessing developmental markers at 18 mos of age

Question 37

what are areas of health promotion for toddlers?

Answer 37

* educating parents * nutrition * toilet training * safety

Question 38

what are expected markers of physical G&D in early childhood?

Answer 38

* have all primary teeth * 20/20 vision * matured sensory systems

Question 39

what Erikson stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 39

initiative vs guilt

Question 40

what psychosexual Freud stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 40

phallic

Question 41

what Piaget stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 41

preconceptual to beginning of preoperational

Question 42

what are expected markers of physical G&D in late childhood?

Answer 42

* hone fine motor skills * stronger writing, model building * increased self-care abilities

Question 43

what Erikson stage correlates with late childhood?

Answer 43

industry vs inferiority

Question 44

what psychosexual Freud stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 44

latency

Question 45

what Piaget stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 45

preoperational to concrete operations

Question 46

what are expected markers of communication in late childhood?

Answer 46

* reading and comprehension skills develop * speak in a more "adult" manner

Question 47

what are areas of health promotion for early childhood?

Answer 47

* social exposure * coping mechanisms * nutrition * safety * school readiness

Question 48

what are areas of health promotion for late childhood?

Answer 48

* illness experiences * obesity * interactions with peers * safety (internet esp.) * sex education * mental and emotional health

Question 49

what Erikson stage correlates with adolescence?

Answer 49

identity vs role confusion

Question 50

what psychosexual Freud stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 50

genital

Question 51

what Piaget stage correlates with early childhood?

Answer 51

formal operations

Question 52

what is sexuality?

Answer 52

Encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, intimacy and reproduction; sexual development influenced by biology, society, family, culture, and other factors

Question 53

what are areas of health promotion for adolescents?

Answer 53

* body image concerns * illness expriences * health risks (nutrition and risk behaviours * safety (sex and drug use)

Question 54

what are expected markers of physical growth in adolescents specific to females?

Answer 54

* growth of pubic hair and breasts * periods (menstruation)

Question 55

what are expected markers of physical growth in adolescents specific to males?

Answer 55

* testicular growth * growth of body and pubic hair * seminal emmisions

Question 56

psychosocial development in adolescents is marked by what theme?

Answer 56

a search for personal identity and striving to establish personal independance

Question 57

what ways can nurses promote sexual wellbeing in adolescents?

Answer 57

* promote healthy choices and behaviours * provide anticipatory guidance * education on use of menstrual products and wet dreams

Question 58

what can we do as nurses to prevent health risks?

Answer 58

* educate on potential harms from risky behaviours * provide guidance to parents about balancing supervision and supporting independance