Health and Health Promotion Flashcards
define health
A state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
define disease
a condition marked by subjective complaints, a specific history, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory or radiographic findings
an objective measure
define illness
experience of living with disease
a subjective measure
define wellness
the process of trying to reach optimal health; the subjective experience of health
what are the 2 focal areas of wellness?
- The realization of the fullest potential of an individual physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually, and economically
- The fulfillment of one’s role expectations within the family, community, place of worship, workplace, and other settings
what are the 8 domains of wellness?
- emotional
- intellectual
- occupational
- physical
- sexual
- spiritual
- environmental
- social
define spirituality
Someone’s beliefs and ability to express beliefs, meanings of life and death, ideas of a greater power, sense of purpose and hope, sense of connection to others and the world
describe the medical approach to health
- Health problems are viewed primarily as physiological risk factors
- Health care was reactive and disease-focused
- assumes only the physical domain matters
describe the behavioural approach to health
- shifted emphasis from medical to a behavioural approach placing responsibility on the individual and on health promotion
- recognized health determinants such as lifestyle, environment, healtth care system, human biology
describe the socio-environmental approach to health
- acknowledged that health is closely tied to social structures (e.g. poverty, physical or social environments)
- looked at bigger ideas of wellness and health promotion
define health promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
what is the goal of health promotion?
to motivate individuals and groups to adopt healthy behaviors and make positive contributions to their health
define disease prevention
tools to prevent occurrence or spread of disease in a population
e.g. vaccinations
define harm reduction
Intentional practices and public health policies to lessen consequences associated with harmful behaviours (either legal or illegal)
e.g. safe consumption sites
define risk reduction
the process of implementing measures to minimize the risks associated with significant hazards
e.g. smoking ads, bicycle safety ads
define primary prevention
protects against a disease before signs or symptoms appear
define secondary prevention
promotes early detection of disease or reduction of disease
define specifity
ability of a screen to specify an exact issue
define sensitivity
a screening test’s ability to designate an individual with disease as positive
define tertiary prevention
activities to improve an individual’s situation in the convalescence of disease
define determinants of health
factors that impact our experience of health, access to health resources and overall wellbeing
e.g. income, social status, education, employment, gender
what were the main points in the Ottawa Charter?
- there are prerequisites (peace, shelter, food) for health that a person must have in order to obtain full health
- strategies for health promotion
what were the strategies for health promotion outlined in the Ottawa Charter?
- build healthy public policy
- create supportive environments
- strengthen community action
- develop capacity of personal skills
- reorient health services
