Old exam

Question 1

T/F: Carbon can form a maximum of 6 covalent bonds

Answer 1

false

Question 2

T/F: An organelle that is semi-autonomous can grow and divide independently.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: Phospholipids can flip-flop across the membrane spontaneously; the process does not require the input of energy or enzyme activity

Answer 3

False; flippase requires ATP

Question 4

T/F: As entropy increases, more energy is available to do work.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

T/F: Facilitated diffusion is movement down a gradient with the aid of a transport protein

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: A reaction with a delta G>0 is endergonic and requires a net input of energy to proceed.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: Photorespiration is advantageous when O2 levels are high, and CO2 levels are low.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

T/F: A molecule that has been reduced has gained electrons, and is (usually) at a higher energy level.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F: Fermentation is much faster, but less efficient, at producing ATP compared to cellular respiration.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Photosynthesizing plants utilize the green wavelengths from the visible spectrum of light most efficiently.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but different structures are called _____.

Answer 11

isomers

Question 12

The compartmentalization of areas within eukaryotic cells:

Answer 12

Allows them to perform several biochemical function simultaneously.

Question 13

Which membrane component is most important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through the membrane?

Answer 13

Transmembrane proteins

Question 14

Placing celery sticks in fresh water will make them more turgid and harder. This is because:

Answer 14

The celery is hypertonic to fresh water

Question 15

The process that involves the selective uptake of a specific cargo molecule into the cell through receptor binding is

Answer 15

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

Patients with Parkinson’s Disease have been shown to have a block in the movement of autophagosomes towards lysosomes. Predict a condition that could result from this defect:

Answer 16

An accumulation of old or damaged organelles

Question 17

A substance that binds with the active site of pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibiting the ability of the enzyme to bind with pyruvate is acting as a ____.

Answer 17

Competitive inhibitor

Question 18

_____ must consume organic molecules to live.

Answer 18

Heterotrophs

Question 19

A C4 plant minimizes photorespiration by:

Answer 19

Having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.

Question 20

Plants require a lot of water for transpiration, metabolism, and photosynthesis. How is water used in photosynthesis?

Answer 20

As an electron donor

Question 21

Located outside of the membrane-bound organelles, inside the plasma membrane.

Answer 21

Cytosol

Question 22

Provides cell shape, organization, and movement

Answer 22

Cytoskeleton

Question 23

Site of photosynthesis

Answer 23

Chloroplast

Question 24

Site of ATP synthesis

Answer 24

Mitochondria

Question 25

Site of modification, sorting, and secretion of lipids and proteins.

Answer 25

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

Site of hydrogen peroxide breakdown

Answer 26

Peroxisome

Question 27

Site of polypeptide synthesis

Answer 27

Ribosome

Question 28

Where most genetic material is organized/expressed

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis

Answer 29

Smooth ER

Question 30

Site of protein sorting and secretion

Answer 30

Rough ER

Question 31

Bilayer membranes are possible because of the properties of phospholipids, specifically because the HEAD region of a phospholipid is _________.

Answer 31

Hydrophilic

Question 32

The tail region of a phospholipid is ________.

Answer 32

Hydrophobic

Question 33

What are the three types of transporters? Directions of each?

Answer 33

Uniporter – One molecule in one direction
Symporter – 2 molecules in same direction
Antiporter – 2 molecules in different direction

Question 34

List the four major classes or organic molecules/macromolecules found in living organisms and example of each one.

Answer 34

Carbohydrates – glucose
Lipids – triglycerides
Nucleic acids – DNA
Proteins – Amino acids

Question 35

What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic?

Answer 35

Catabolic – breakdown of large molecules

Anabolic – Synthesis of large molecules