Old exam Flashcards
T/F: Carbon can form a maximum of 6 covalent bonds
false
T/F: An organelle that is semi-autonomous can grow and divide independently.
True
T/F: Phospholipids can flip-flop across the membrane spontaneously; the process does not require the input of energy or enzyme activity
False; flippase requires ATP
T/F: As entropy increases, more energy is available to do work.
False
T/F: Facilitated diffusion is movement down a gradient with the aid of a transport protein
True
T/F: A reaction with a delta G>0 is endergonic and requires a net input of energy to proceed.
True
T/F: Photorespiration is advantageous when O2 levels are high, and CO2 levels are low.
False
T/F: A molecule that has been reduced has gained electrons, and is (usually) at a higher energy level.
True
T/F: Fermentation is much faster, but less efficient, at producing ATP compared to cellular respiration.
True
T/F: Photosynthesizing plants utilize the green wavelengths from the visible spectrum of light most efficiently.
False
Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but different structures are called _____.
isomers
The compartmentalization of areas within eukaryotic cells:
Allows them to perform several biochemical function simultaneously.
Which membrane component is most important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through the membrane?
Transmembrane proteins
Placing celery sticks in fresh water will make them more turgid and harder. This is because:
The celery is hypertonic to fresh water
The process that involves the selective uptake of a specific cargo molecule into the cell through receptor binding is
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Patients with Parkinson’s Disease have been shown to have a block in the movement of autophagosomes towards lysosomes. Predict a condition that could result from this defect:
An accumulation of old or damaged organelles
A substance that binds with the active site of pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibiting the ability of the enzyme to bind with pyruvate is acting as a ____.
Competitive inhibitor
_____ must consume organic molecules to live.
Heterotrophs
A C4 plant minimizes photorespiration by:
Having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.
Plants require a lot of water for transpiration, metabolism, and photosynthesis. How is water used in photosynthesis?
As an electron donor
Located outside of the membrane-bound organelles, inside the plasma membrane.
Cytosol
Provides cell shape, organization, and movement
Cytoskeleton
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Site of ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
Site of modification, sorting, and secretion of lipids and proteins.
Golgi apparatus
Site of hydrogen peroxide breakdown
Peroxisome
Site of polypeptide synthesis
Ribosome
Where most genetic material is organized/expressed
Nucleus
Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis
Smooth ER
Site of protein sorting and secretion
Rough ER
Bilayer membranes are possible because of the properties of phospholipids, specifically because the HEAD region of a phospholipid is _________.
Hydrophilic
The tail region of a phospholipid is ________.
Hydrophobic
What are the three types of transporters? Directions of each?
Uniporter – One molecule in one direction
Symporter – 2 molecules in same direction
Antiporter – 2 molecules in different direction
List the four major classes or organic molecules/macromolecules found in living organisms and example of each one.
Carbohydrates – glucose
Lipids – triglycerides
Nucleic acids – DNA
Proteins – Amino acids
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic?
Catabolic – breakdown of large molecules
Anabolic – Synthesis of large molecules
