Chapter 3

Question 1

Reaction that forms polymers (or forms covalent bonds between monomers); H2O is released

Answer 1

condensation/dehydration

Question 2

Reaction that breaks apart polymers (or breaks covalent bonds between monomers); H2O is obtained

Answer 2

hydrolysis

Question 3

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 4

What affects light refractions and organisms that can obtain it?

Answer 4

Enantiomers

Question 5

What is the class of organic compounds that are nonpolar (hydrophilic) or amphipathic and insoluble in water

Answer 5

lipids (mostly hydrogen and carbon)

Question 6

What are some examples of lipids?

Answer 6

Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 7

These are triglycerides; formed by bonding glycerol to 3 fatty acids

Answer 7

Fats

Question 8

What do fats do?

Answer 8

Store energy and provide structure through cushioning and insulation

Question 9

What type of fat is solid at RT and has no double bonds?

Answer 9

Saturated fats

Question 10

What type of fat is a gel/liquid at RT and contains double bonds?

Answer 10

unsaturated fats

Question 11

This contains glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group

Answer 11

phospholipid

Question 12

Four interconnected rings of carbon atoms; usually insoluble in water (EX: cholesterol)

Answer 12

steroids

Question 13

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; formed from one or several polypeptides

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

Amino acids are joined by what reaction?

Answer 14

dehydration

Question 15

Carboxy and amino groups form what kind of bond?

Answer 15

peptide bond

Question 16

Polymers of amino acids are known as what?

Answer 16

polypeptides

Question 17

This has a linear structure/sequence of amino acids; encoded directly by genes

Answer 17

Primary structure

Question 18

What is the primary structure stabilized by?

Answer 18

covalent bonds

Question 19

This is a protein folding caused by chemical and physical interactions; a helices and B pleated sheets

Answer 19

secondary structure

Question 20

What is a specific and important to function?

Answer 20

Shape

Question 21

What is the secondary structure stabilized by?

Answer 21

hydrogen bonding

Question 22

This is a complex 3D shape; final level for single polypeptide chain

Answer 22

Tertiary structure

Question 23

What is the tertiary structure stabilized by?

Answer 23

• Hydrogen bonding
• van der Waals
• electrostatic
• hydrophobic (btween non polar)
• disulfide (covalent)

Question 24

What is made up of two or more polypeptides (multimeric) to form functional proteins?

Answer 24

Quaternary structure

Question 25

What are individual polypeptide chains?

Answer 25

Protein subunits

Question 26

What is the quaternary structure stabilized by?

Answer 26

• Hydrogen bonding
• van der Waals
• Electrostatic
• Hydrophobic (btwn non polar)
• Disulfide (covalent)

Question 27

What factors are used for protein interactions/binding?

Answer 27

• Hydrogen bonding
• van der Waals
• electrostatic
• hydrophobic (btwen non polar)

Question 28

Who showed the primary structure of ribonuclease determines its 3D structure?

Answer 28

Anfinsen

Question 29

Responsible for storage, expression, and transmission of genetic information

Answer 29

nucleic acids