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Genetics > Exam 3 Old Tests > Flashcards

Exam 3 Old Tests Flashcards

1
Q

If the GC content of a DNA molecule is 60%, what are the percentages of the four bases (G, C, T, A)?

A

G = 30%, C = 30%, A = 20%, T = 20%

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2
Q

Which of the following represents the lowest level (least compact) of eukaryotic chromosome condensation?

A

DNA wrapping to form nucleosomes

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3
Q

Okazaki fragments do which of the following?

A

Are formed during the synthesis of the lagging strand

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4
Q

Small molecules, such as cAMP, that relay signals within the cell are called

A

Second messengers

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5
Q

T/F: Mutation of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a common cause of cancer.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: During signal transduction, the original signal is converted to a new signal inside the cell.

A

True

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7
Q

T/F: Bacterial chromosomes are circular and eukaryotic chromosomes are linear.

A

True

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8
Q

T/F: Beadle and Tatum provided scientific evidence for the “one gene, one polypeptide”

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: The sequence of amino acids that results from gene transcription and mRNA translation represents the primary structure of the protein.

A

True

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10
Q

T/F: Cancer cells have extremely high levels of telomerase enzyme activity.

A

True

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11
Q

T/F: Receptors for steroid hormones are transmembrane proteins located on target cells.

A

True

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning telomeres?

A

Telomeres are areas of the chromosomes which contain many protein-coding genes.

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13
Q

The compartmentalization of areas within eukaryotic cells ____.

  • Allows for a smaller overall cell size relative to prokaryotic cells
  • Allows them to perform several biochemical functions simultaneously
  • Decreases their overall biochemical efficiency compared to prokaryotic cells
  • Makes them more susceptible to sudden environmental changes
  • Is more complex in animal cells than in plant cells
A

Allows them to perform several biochemical functions simultaneously

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14
Q

Which of the following represents the lowest level (least compact) of eukaryotic chromosome condensation?

A

DNA wrapping to form nucleosomes

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15
Q

On the ribosome, during the process of translation, ______.

A

The charged tRNA enters in the A site.

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16
Q

Point mutations that do not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting gene product are called ______ mutations.

A

Silent

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17
Q

A mutation in which of the following regions is least likely to affect gene function?

A

Intergenic region

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18
Q

If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

A

6

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19
Q

Consider an organism whose karyotype shows it to have a total of 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be contained in the sperm of this organism?

A

30

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20
Q

T/F: Glycolysis requires oxygen to produce energy.

A

False

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21
Q

T/F: Transmembrane proteins are important for allowing large, charged molecules through cell membranes

A

True

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22
Q

T/F: In the genetic code, each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

A

False

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23
Q

T/F: DNA replication is semi-conservative.

A

True

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24
Q

T/F: Proto-oncogenes prevent cancer growth

A

False

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25
Q

T/F: Check-point proteins are an example of proteins produced by tumor suppressor genes

A

True

26
Q

T/F: Individuals with non-functional Nucleotide Excision Repair systems must avoid prolonged sun exposure.

A

True

27
Q

T/F: The S-phase of the cell cycle stands for synapsis.

A

False

28
Q

T/F: The mitotic spindle in animals is formed by the centrosome and one type of microtubule.

A

False

29
Q

T/F: Except for the production of gametes (sperm/eggs) all cell divisions in your body are by mitosis.

A

True

30
Q

T/F: The “wobble hypothesis” states that the genetic code is degenerate.

A

True

31
Q

T/F: Women are more likely to get X-linked recessive diseases than men.

A

False

32
Q

T/F: DNA repair systems are composed of proteins that detect irregularities in DNA structure and then fix the abnormality to prevent mutation.

A

True

33
Q

T/F: Somatic cell mutations are heritable

A

False

34
Q

T/F: Mitosis is typically followed by the division of the cell into two cells, a process called metastasis.

A

False

35
Q

T/F: Receptors for steroid hormones are transmembrane proteins located on target cells.

A

True

36
Q

T/F: Synapsis and crossing over are processes that occur only during meiosis.

A

True

37
Q

The centromere_____.

A

is a region of DNA where sister chromatids associate.

38
Q

What type of regulatory transcription factor binds DNA and increases the transcription of a gene?

A

an activator exerting positive control

39
Q

Genes organized into an operon are beneficial to certain bacteria because the operon allows for _____.

  • Differential regulation of individual genes that encode proteins with a common function
  • Coordinated regulation of a group of genes that encode proteins with a common function
  • Separate regulation of individual genes that encode proteins with different functions
  • Coordinated regulation of a group of genes that encode proteins with different functions
  • Coordinated regulation of a group of proteins involved in numerous cellular activities
A

Coordinated regulation of a group of genes that encode proteins with a common function.

40
Q

Liver cells, mammary cells, and skin cells all contain the same genome; however, their respective proteomes vary drastically. This observation is best explained by what phenomenon?

A

Gene regulation

41
Q

A researcher determined that a strain of E. coli is producing a shortened version of a protein required for glucose metabolism. What type of mutation could be responsible for this shorter than normal protein?

A

Nonsense mutation

42
Q

Sickle-cell anemia is a human disease that occurs as a result of what type of mutation in the b-globin gene?

A

Missense

43
Q

A(n) _______ operon is one whose transcription is kept at low levels by effector molecules.

A

Inducible

44
Q

This coats single-stranded DNA, preventing them from reforming a double helix

A

Single stranded binding proteins

45
Q

This relaxes supercoils

A

Topoisomerase I

46
Q

This catalyzes phosphodiester to covalently link nucleotides

A

Polymerase

47
Q

This breaks the hydrogen bonds of ds DNA

A

Helicase

48
Q

This synthesizes short RNA primers

A

Primase

49
Q

This catalyzes a covalent bond between Okazaki fragments

A

Ligase

50
Q

Gametes have

A

One allele for each gene

51
Q

Which statement describes a process that is NOT involved in control of the cell cycle?

A

Cytokinesis involves the formation of cleavage furrow to separate the cells.

52
Q

Place the following events of mitosis in the correct order.

  1. Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate
  2. The cleavage furrow forms
  3. The nuclear membrane breaks up
  4. Sister chromatids condense
  5. Sister chromatids separate
A

4, 3, 1, 5, 2

53
Q

Meiosis I produces ______ cells, and meiosis II produces _____ cells.

A

Two haploid, 4 haploid

54
Q

A cell’s ability to control their level of gene expression is called

A

gene regulation

55
Q

At the lac operon, when lactose is ABSENT:

Transcription is _______ because the repressor protein is bound to ______.

A

OFF, THE OPERATOR

56
Q

Which of the following is TRUE concerning a somatic cell mutation?

A

Only a small group of cells within the organism is affected by the mutation.

57
Q

Based on the gene and protein sequences that follow, what type of mutation-polypeptide effect has occurred?

A

Base addition-frameshift

58
Q

Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimer mutations?

A

Ultraviolet light

59
Q

_____ can convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.

  • Gene amplification
  • Retroviral insertions
  • Chromosomal translocations
  • Missense mutations
  • All of these choices are correct
A

All of these choices are correct.

60
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning sister chromatids?

  • The formation fo sister chromatids doubles the amount of DNA in a cell
  • Sister chromatids consist of two identical copies of a single homologue
  • Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere by kinetochore proteins
  • Sister chromatids are formed during the S phase of the cell cycle
  • Sister chromatids separate during telophase
A

Sister chromatids separate during telophase …is FALSE.

61
Q

The formation of the bivalent during meiosis _____?

A

Contributes to the genetic diversity of a species

Genetics (11 decks)

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