Oil Flashcards
The Deepwater BP Mancando Well Spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened when?
2010
What ship had the largest oil spill to date?
Atlantic Empress
When did the Atlantic Empress spill occur and where?
1979, West Indies
How many tons of oil was spilled in the Exxon Valdez?
38,800 tons (35000 metric tons)
The largest oil spill on record happened when and where?
1991, Kuwait/Persian Gulf (Persian Gulf Wars)
How much oil was spilled in of the Gulf of Mexico?
700,000 tons
How many people died as a result of the BP Mancando well accident?
11
Why is Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara named in such a manor?
Natural oil and gas seeps from the ocean
What famous “adventurer” brought attention to floating tar?
Thor Heyerdahl
Floating tar was mostly from?
ballast water after cleaning oil ships
What three principal phase components is oil made of?
crude oil, natural gas, and condensate
What is natural gas mostly made of?
methane
_____ is gaseous under the surface and liquid at the surface?
condensate
No 2 Fuel is used for?
Home heating oil
Refining of crude oil is done through what two main processes?
Cracking and distillation
Marine organisms mostly synthesize what type of hydrocarbon?
Simple ones, n-alkanes, and some alkenes
In the 1970s about how many oil spills occurred per year?
24.6
Today about how many oil spills occur per year?
1.7
Accidental input of oil into the marine environment account for about what percent of total oil introduction in the past few decades?
ten
What source released the most amount of petroleum into the ocean in the 1990s?
Natural seeps
Accidental oil spills account for approximately what percent of the world’s marine oil input?
5 to 10 percent
_____ is driven by the turbulence field of the ocean
surface waters and is connected to
ocean eddies at various scales.
Horizontal Distribution
An interactive effect of the wind blowing across the surface water of the ocean in a manner that creates convergence and divergence zones in surface water are what?
Langmuir Circulation
When spilled, the lower molecular
weight chemicals in oil will do what?
Evaporate
Emulsification is the act of what?
Dispersing liquids or compounds within another until they are mixed. Such as mixing oil and vinegar as best as you can.
In respect to oil, what can come
ashore on beaches, rocky intertidal
areas and wetlands such as
marshes and mangroves?
Oil slicks and mousse
Oil entering wetlands can exist for up to how long?
Decades
ADIOS stands for?
Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills
Group V oils do what in water?
Sink
What is a Neuston Net?
A contraption with a large rectangular mouth and net used for sampling large quantities of water
What type of marine animal seems to be the most sensitive to oil spills?
Crustaceans/small amphipods
PAH stands for
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
The Environmental Sensitivity Index was developed when?
1977
What does the Environmental Sensitivity Index tell someone?
the typeof spill response that will be most effective
and when to deploy the response to
protect these resources.
NEBA stands for?
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
All _____ have a well-developed capacity to metabolize and eliminate PAHs and other oil constituents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons
teleost fish
How many natural seeps exist in the Gulf of Mexico?
22,000
Why is naturally seeped oil generally better for a marine environment than spilled oil?
Natural seeps contain lower density alkanes and alkenes, while spills contain a mixture of dense and non-dense oil products, namely toxic PAHs
Name some aerobic hydrocarbon degraders?
Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria and the Firmicutes and fungi
How many kilometers of coastline did the BP Gulf of Mexico spill of 2010 effect?
1773 km
Jet Fuels and gasoline are classified as what type of oil?
Type 1 (very light)
Diesel, No. 2 Fuel Oil, Light Crudes are classified as what type of oil?
Type 2 (light)
Most Crude Oils are classified as what type?
Type 3 (Medium)
Heavy Crude Oils, No. 6 Fuel Oil, Bunker C are classified as what?
Type 4 (Heavy)
