Missed Quiz Bowl Questions Flashcards
When was the first recorded voyage by sea?
7250 BCE
The circumference was first accurately calculated by who?
Eratosthenes
Who were highly accomplished seamen who participated in exploration and trade in the north Atlantic?
Vikings
What European explorer discovered Florida?
Juan Ponce de Leon
Who created the first chronometer?
John Harrison
Who was the first European to chart the Pacific Ocean?
James Cook
What is Charles Darwin known for in relation to Oceanography?
Study of Coral Reefs
The Greek word graphia refers to what?
The act of recording and describing
The root of a word, -ology means what?
The study of
By the 4th century BCE who had traveled as far north as the coast of England?
Pytheas
The fetch refers to __________
the distance over which wind blows without interruption
Lines of equal temperature are called what?
Isotherms
To develop successfully the embryo of pacific cod require what?
A narrow temperature range
Most marine fish have cellular fluid with salinity ______
Lower than the salinity of sea water
Fresh water fish have body fluids that are _____
More saline than the surrounding water
What does SST stand for?
Sea Surface Temperature
Primary production in the temperate latitudes varies with ______
Season
What is a baby eel called?
elver
Do all salmon spawn once and die?
No
Are plants primary producers?
Yes
Are all animals heterotrophs?
Yes
Ecosystems operate by exchanging what two things?
Energy and matter
What bacteria breaks down organic material and causes the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic
What are the two principle types of upwelling?
Equatorial and Coastal
What determines the speed of a fish?
Shape, Size, and Build
Potential biomass production decreases with increasing _____ in the food chain?
Trophic level
What is the part of land that touches the sea and changes location with tide?
The beach
Refraction of waves can result in a decrease of what?
Strength
Barrier islands are composed of what?
Sediment
What are estuaries?
Region where fresh water meets salt water
What are salt wedge estuaries?
Estuaries where the mouth of the river directly meets the ocean, creating a sharp barrier between saltwater and freshwater
A partially mixed estuary has a weaker what?
Halocline
Environmental diversity in estuaries favor a what food system?
Triphosphate
Coral reefs thrive best on what kind of water?
Clear, clean water
Where do gas hydrates occur?
Marine sediments within or beneath permafrost
Where do sand and gravel generally occur?
Near the shore as terrigenous sediments
Where do manganese nodules form?
Seabed sediment, often partially or completely buried
Do mangrove swamps provide natural protection from storm surges and coastal flooding?
Yes
Seabird decline in Scotland was a classic example of what?
Trophic cascade
New Orleans’ hurricane susceptibility is mainly caused by what?
Low elevation and human destruction of wetlands
Can seaweed grow on the aphotic zone?
No
The concentration of what ion determines the ph of water?
H+
Carbon dioxide and water form what?
Carbonic Acid
What controls the rate at which the oceans absorb CO2?
Ocean Acidity
Where is salinity the highest?
20-23 degrees north and south
What increases salinity?
Evaporation, formation of sea ice
Name the four layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest.
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is what?
14.7 psi or 1013.25 millibars
The Coriolis effect results from what?
Lower rotational velocities at higher latitudes
What decreases ocean salinity?
Precipitation, runoff, rivers, and melting sea ice
