Benthic Environment Flashcards

1
Q

How many percent of known ocean species live on the ocean floor?

A

98 percent

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2
Q

How many known marine species are there?

A

250,000

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3
Q

Rocky shorelines teem with organisms that live on the surface of the ocean floor. These organisms are known as?

A

epifauna

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4
Q

A typical rocky shore can be divided into two zones, which are?

A

Spray Zone and Intertidal Zone

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5
Q

What are the subzones of the intertidal zone?

A

High tide zone, middle tide zone, and low tide zone

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6
Q

Which intertidal zone is relatively dry and is only covered by the highest tide?

A

High tide zone

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7
Q

Which is alternately covered by all high tides and exposed during all low tides?

A

Middle tide zone

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8
Q

Which is usually wet but is exposed during the lowest low tides?

A

Low tide zone

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9
Q

The greatest animal diversity is at which latitude?

A

Lower (tropical) latitudes

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10
Q

The greatest diversity of algae is at which latitude?

A

Greater, mid-latitudes

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11
Q

The spray zone is also known as the what?

A

Supralittoral zone

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12
Q

What zone hosts few species of algae and many species that have shells to maintain moisture?

A

Supralittoral (spray) zone

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13
Q

Rock lice, sea roach, periwinkle snail, limpet, and rock louse are found in which zone?

A

Spray Zone

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14
Q

What is the genus of rock louse?

A

Ligia

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15
Q

What is the genus of periwinkle snail?

A

Littorina

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16
Q

What is the genus of Limpet?

A

Acmaea

17
Q

Periwinkles can move between which two tidal zones?

A

spray zone and high tidal zone

18
Q

Algae in the genus Fucus live in ___ latitudes and the genus Pelvita live in ____ latitudes.

A

Colder, warmer

19
Q

Rockweed is a type of algae found mostly in which intertidal zone?

A

High tidal zone

20
Q

____ are among the first organisms to colonize a rocky shore.

A

Rockweed

21
Q

Mussels and buckshot barnacles are found in which tidal zone?

A

High tidal zone

22
Q

T or F: The total biomass in the middle tidal zone is greater than in the high tidal zone.

A

True

23
Q

Acorn barnacles, goosed necked barnacles, and mussels exist in which tidal zone?

A

Middle tidal zone

24
Q

What are byssus threads?

A

A part of a mussel that helps it attach to rock

25
Q

Carnivorous snails and sea stars feed upon what?

A

mussels

26
Q

What causes coral bleaching?

A

Increased temperature, runoff and pollution, overexposure to sunlight, exposure to air during extremely low tides

27
Q

What is coral bleaching?

A

Reaction to stressors where a coral expels symbiotic zooxanthellae from their tissues.

28
Q

What does HAB stand for?

A

Harmful Algae Bloom