Official List of Case Studies (Paper 1) Flashcards
What is the case study for Coastal Processes & Landforms?
Barton-on-sea
What is the issue Barton-on-coast faces?
Barton-on-coast is suffering from coastal erosion.
Give 3 strategies that have been put in place (Barton-on-Sea)
Rock armour
Beach nourishment
Groynes
Have the strategies in Barton-on-sea been successful?
Not totally successful, but have slowed down the rate of recession.
Give 2 impacts on locals in Barton-on-Sea:
Caravan site under threat
People under stress -> unable to insure homes and have to move away.
Local cafe and Manor lodge had to be demolished in 1975.
Give 2 impacts on the environment of Barton-on-Sea:
Loss of plant + animal habitats.
Loss of land that has ecological value.
Give 2 economic impacts of Barton-on-Sea:
Protecting the coast - strategies
Damage to tourism -> loss of beach
4.5 million pounds spent on protecting the coast
Name the 2 case studies for river processes and landforms:
- River Tees (source to mouth)
- River Ouse (flooding and denfences)
Where is River Tees located?
North-east of England
Give a fact about the River Tees:
Flows West -> East
85 miles in length
Drains an area of 710 square miles
Starts in Cross Fell, Pennines
Flows into the North Sea
River Tees - Upper course)
Interlocking spurs and v-shaped valley
Waterfall and gorge - high force
River Tees - Middle course)
Some of tributaries have been dammed to form reservoirs to supply water to towns in Teeside.
River Tees - Lower course
Big meander at Yarm - Yarm built inside a meander for defensive reasons.
River Tees - Mouth of the Tees course
Flat gradient
Lots of industry near the river
North of Middlesborough
How has Industry changed the River Tees?
By the 1970s, the River Tees was so polluted by industry in the area, that a long-term plan was developed.
How has Urbanisation Changed the River Tees?
Urban areas increase flooding risk due to impermeable surfaces such as tarmac and concrete.
How has Agriculture changed the River Tees?
Deforestation increases the risk of flooding with more surface runoff.
What physical factors change the river?
Climate Change -> more frequent and sever storms increase flooding.
What happened in Autumn 2000?
The River Ouse rose to 5.5 metres (18 feet) above its normal level, highest since 1625.
Why did the River Ouse flood?
Moorland has little vegetation to intercept the heavy rainfall.
Upland peat soils eroded by walkers and overgrazing.
What is an effect of flooding in York (River Ouse)?
Farmers lost crops and had to move cattle to higher ground.
What can be done to reduce flooding in River Ouse (York)?
Forecasting and Education- Met Office TV forecasts and internet messages to warn of flood risk
Planning and Building - Building on stilts to keep houses above flood level.
Hard and soft engineering - Afforestation
Give 2 flood defences in York (River Ouse)
Embankments
Flood walls and flood gates
What are the two tropical storm case studies?
Hurricane Katrina, USA (2005)(DEVELOPED)
Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines (2013) (DEVELOPING)
Hurricane Katrina facts give 1
Area - 90,000 square miles
Affected 15 million people
80% of New Orleans flooded for days
Storm Surge - 8.5 metres
Max wind speed - 150mph
Give 1 social impact (people) of Hurricane Katrina:
1,833 deaths
1,000,000 people displaced
Give 1 economic impact (money) of Hurricane Katrina:
Mass unemployment
Damage to tourism
Give 1 environmental impact of Hurricane Katrina:
Wetland habitats flooded and destroyed
Chemical spills spread by flood water
What was the response to Hurricane Katrina? Give one short term and long term:
Short term: 30,000 people sheltered in the Superdome in New Orleans, army provided emergency supplies.
Long term: US Government provided money to rebuild houses and infrastructure
Typhoon Haiyan facts give 1
One of the largest and most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded.
When it hit the Philippines, it was the equivalent to a Category 5
hurricane with winds of 195 mph.
Give 1 social impact (people) of Typhoon Haiyan:
More than 7,000 deaths
More than 6,000,000 displaced
Outbreaks of disease
Give 1 economic impact (money) of Typhoon Haiyan:
Fishing industry lost millions dollars due to damaged/ destroyed boats.
Six million workers lost their income.
Give 1 environmental impact of Typhoon Haiyan:
Thousands of trees were
uprooted leading to a
massive release of carbon
dioxide and loss of habitat
with resulting effects on
wildlife.
Typhoon Haiyan response? Give 1
The speed of the storm meant that there was not much warning.
The US sent $20 million immediately as an emergency fund.
Several charities provided emergency aid such as water, food and shelter.
What are the two case studies for drought?
California Drought (DEVELOPED)
Ethiopia Drought
What caused the California Drought?
Very high usage in California (golf courses, pools, lawns), and water wastage.
Climate change -> rising temperatures. Higher temperatures evaporates soil moisture so water soaks into dry soils rather than running into rivers.
Give a social impact of California Drought:
Air pollution from wildfires.
Increased food prices due to crop failure reducing supply.
Give an economic impact of California Drought:
Lost tourism revenue due to loss of natural beauty and impact on fishing, water sports and winter sports.
Loss of agricultural jobs.
Give an environmental impact of California Drought:
Increased wildfires due to dried out vegetation which threatens biodiversity.
Give a response to California drought:
Government issues mandatory water restrictions, fines issued for people who were caught wasting water.
People reporting their neighbours for wasting water.
Individuals taking shorter showers and not watering lawns.
Give a cause of Ethiopia drought.
Climate Change.
Ethiopia relies on two periods of rainfall per year. Since 1980’s, this has been getting shorter and more delayed.
One social/ economic impact of Ethiopia drought
Displacement = rural to urban migration.
Increased risks of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery.
Give one environmental impact of Ethiopia drought:
Loss of natural vegetation and habitats.
Local level (bottom-up) response to Ethiopia drought:
People are forced to sell their livestock. Rural- urban migration.
Government level (top-down) response to Ethiopia drought:
Geothermal energy plant under construction in Rift Valley-
producing 1000 MegaWatts. Reduces fuelwood demand.
Give the 2 case studies for ecosystems biodiversity and management:
Costa Rica (TRF)
New Forest (Deciduous)
Give a fact about The New Forest biodiversity:
About 1/3 of British wildflowers grow in the New Forest.
73% of British dragonflies species breed here.
Over 50% of the National Park is designated for its international importance for nature
What is an issue with The New Forest?
Visitors trample rare plants.
Dogs scare wildlife.
Litter
What is Our Past, Our Future in The New Forest?
A 5 year scheme for the New Forest to protect the environment.
How is climate change affecting The New Forest?
Rare species under threat from rising temperatures and more powerful and severe storms.
How is the government helping to protect Costa Rica (TRF)?
Government gives tax deductions if owners conserve the forest.
How does Costa Rica (TRF) have social benefits?
Rainforests provide many resources to local people.
