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Geography Edexcel Gcse > Official List of Case Studies (Paper 1) > Flashcards

Official List of Case Studies (Paper 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the case study for Coastal Processes & Landforms?

A

Barton-on-sea

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2
Q

What is the issue Barton-on-coast faces?

A

Barton-on-coast is suffering from coastal erosion.

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3
Q

Give 3 strategies that have been put in place (Barton-on-Sea)

A

Rock armour
Beach nourishment
Groynes

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4
Q

Have the strategies in Barton-on-sea been successful?

A

Not totally successful, but have slowed down the rate of recession.

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5
Q

Give 2 impacts on locals in Barton-on-Sea:

A

Caravan site under threat
People under stress -> unable to insure homes and have to move away.
Local cafe and Manor lodge had to be demolished in 1975.

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6
Q

Give 2 impacts on the environment of Barton-on-Sea:

A

Loss of plant + animal habitats.
Loss of land that has ecological value.

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7
Q

Give 2 economic impacts of Barton-on-Sea:

A

Protecting the coast - strategies
Damage to tourism -> loss of beach
4.5 million pounds spent on protecting the coast

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8
Q

Name the 2 case studies for river processes and landforms:

A
  • River Tees (source to mouth)
  • River Ouse (flooding and denfences)
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9
Q

Where is River Tees located?

A

North-east of England

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10
Q

Give a fact about the River Tees:

A

Flows West -> East
85 miles in length
Drains an area of 710 square miles
Starts in Cross Fell, Pennines
Flows into the North Sea

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11
Q

River Tees - Upper course)

A

Interlocking spurs and v-shaped valley
Waterfall and gorge - high force

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12
Q

River Tees - Middle course)

A

Some of tributaries have been dammed to form reservoirs to supply water to towns in Teeside.

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13
Q

River Tees - Lower course

A

Big meander at Yarm - Yarm built inside a meander for defensive reasons.

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14
Q

River Tees - Mouth of the Tees course

A

Flat gradient
Lots of industry near the river
North of Middlesborough

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15
Q

How has Industry changed the River Tees?

A

By the 1970s, the River Tees was so polluted by industry in the area, that a long-term plan was developed.

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16
Q

How has Urbanisation Changed the River Tees?

A

Urban areas increase flooding risk due to impermeable surfaces such as tarmac and concrete.

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17
Q

How has Agriculture changed the River Tees?

A

Deforestation increases the risk of flooding with more surface runoff.

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18
Q

What physical factors change the river?

A

Climate Change -> more frequent and sever storms increase flooding.

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19
Q

What happened in Autumn 2000?

A

The River Ouse rose to 5.5 metres (18 feet) above its normal level, highest since 1625.

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20
Q

Why did the River Ouse flood?

A

Moorland has little vegetation to intercept the heavy rainfall.
Upland peat soils eroded by walkers and overgrazing.

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21
Q

What is an effect of flooding in York (River Ouse)?

A

Farmers lost crops and had to move cattle to higher ground.

22
Q

What can be done to reduce flooding in River Ouse (York)?

A

Forecasting and Education- Met Office TV forecasts and internet messages to warn of flood risk
Planning and Building - Building on stilts to keep houses above flood level.
Hard and soft engineering - Afforestation

23
Q

Give 2 flood defences in York (River Ouse)

A

Embankments
Flood walls and flood gates

24
Q

What are the two tropical storm case studies?

A

Hurricane Katrina, USA (2005)(DEVELOPED)
Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines (2013) (DEVELOPING)

25
Q

Hurricane Katrina facts give 1

A

Area - 90,000 square miles
Affected 15 million people
80% of New Orleans flooded for days
Storm Surge - 8.5 metres
Max wind speed - 150mph

26
Q

Give 1 social impact (people) of Hurricane Katrina:

A

1,833 deaths
1,000,000 people displaced

27
Q

Give 1 economic impact (money) of Hurricane Katrina:

A

Mass unemployment
Damage to tourism

28
Q

Give 1 environmental impact of Hurricane Katrina:

A

Wetland habitats flooded and destroyed
Chemical spills spread by flood water

29
Q

What was the response to Hurricane Katrina? Give one short term and long term:

A

Short term: 30,000 people sheltered in the Superdome in New Orleans, army provided emergency supplies.

Long term: US Government provided money to rebuild houses and infrastructure

30
Q

Typhoon Haiyan facts give 1

A

One of the largest and most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded.
When it hit the Philippines, it was the equivalent to a Category 5
hurricane with winds of 195 mph.

31
Q

Give 1 social impact (people) of Typhoon Haiyan:

A

More than 7,000 deaths
More than 6,000,000 displaced
Outbreaks of disease

32
Q

Give 1 economic impact (money) of Typhoon Haiyan:

A

Fishing industry lost millions dollars due to damaged/ destroyed boats.
Six million workers lost their income.

33
Q

Give 1 environmental impact of Typhoon Haiyan:

A

Thousands of trees were
uprooted leading to a
massive release of carbon
dioxide and loss of habitat
with resulting effects on
wildlife.

34
Q

Typhoon Haiyan response? Give 1

A

The speed of the storm meant that there was not much warning.
The US sent $20 million immediately as an emergency fund.
Several charities provided emergency aid such as water, food and shelter.

35
Q

What are the two case studies for drought?

A

California Drought (DEVELOPED)
Ethiopia Drought

36
Q

What caused the California Drought?

A

Very high usage in California (golf courses, pools, lawns), and water wastage.
Climate change -> rising temperatures. Higher temperatures evaporates soil moisture so water soaks into dry soils rather than running into rivers.

37
Q

Give a social impact of California Drought:

A

Air pollution from wildfires.
Increased food prices due to crop failure reducing supply.

38
Q

Give an economic impact of California Drought:

A

Lost tourism revenue due to loss of natural beauty and impact on fishing, water sports and winter sports.
Loss of agricultural jobs.

39
Q

Give an environmental impact of California Drought:

A

Increased wildfires due to dried out vegetation which threatens biodiversity.

40
Q

Give a response to California drought:

A

Government issues mandatory water restrictions, fines issued for people who were caught wasting water.
People reporting their neighbours for wasting water.
Individuals taking shorter showers and not watering lawns.

41
Q

Give a cause of Ethiopia drought.

A

Climate Change.
Ethiopia relies on two periods of rainfall per year. Since 1980’s, this has been getting shorter and more delayed.

42
Q

One social/ economic impact of Ethiopia drought

A

Displacement = rural to urban migration.
Increased risks of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery.

43
Q

Give one environmental impact of Ethiopia drought:

A

Loss of natural vegetation and habitats.

44
Q

Local level (bottom-up) response to Ethiopia drought:

A

People are forced to sell their livestock. Rural- urban migration.

45
Q

Government level (top-down) response to Ethiopia drought:

A

Geothermal energy plant under construction in Rift Valley-
producing 1000 MegaWatts. Reduces fuelwood demand.

46
Q

Give the 2 case studies for ecosystems biodiversity and management:

A

Costa Rica (TRF)
New Forest (Deciduous)

47
Q

Give a fact about The New Forest biodiversity:

A

About 1/3 of British wildflowers grow in the New Forest.
73% of British dragonflies species breed here.
Over 50% of the National Park is designated for its international importance for nature

48
Q

What is an issue with The New Forest?

A

Visitors trample rare plants.
Dogs scare wildlife.
Litter

49
Q

What is Our Past, Our Future in The New Forest?

A

A 5 year scheme for the New Forest to protect the environment.

50
Q

How is climate change affecting The New Forest?

A

Rare species under threat from rising temperatures and more powerful and severe storms.

51
Q

How is the government helping to protect Costa Rica (TRF)?

A

Government gives tax deductions if owners conserve the forest.

52
Q

How does Costa Rica (TRF) have social benefits?

A

Rainforests provide many resources to local people.

Geography Edexcel Gcse (12 decks)

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