CASE STUDIES

Question 1

Where is the Holderness coast located?

Answer 1

North-east England

Question 2

How much does the Holderness coast retreat every year?

Answer 2

1-2 metres

Question 3

Give 2 reasons for the Holderness coast erosion and explain briefly:

Answer 3

1) Strong prevailing winds = longshore drift. Moves material south along coastline.
2) Clay cliffs = made of soft boulder clay… erodes quickly.

Question 4

Holderness reduced the risk of erosion at Mappleton by introducing a £2 million coastal management scheme in 1991. What 2 hard-engineering strategies were involved? How do they work?

Answer 4

1) Rock groynes = stops beach material moving along coast
2) Rock armour = placed at foot of cliffs to restrict wave impacts.

Question 5

Give 2 issues south of Mappleton (social/economic/environment) that came from coastal management.

Answer 5

1) Loss of land
2) Loss of habitat on Spurn Head
3) Operation of coastguard and lifeboat services threatened
4) More protection has had to be installed (1999 installed more rock armour)

Question 6

Where is the River Eden located?

Answer 6

North-west England

Question 7

Name 3 landforms in River Eden.

Answer 7

Floodplains
Waterfalls
V-shaped valleys
The River Eden’s course
Meanders

Question 8

What is the Cumbria’s climate like? Give 2 adjectives. Explain briefly.

Answer 8

Wet and mild.
Rainfall = saturated ground, landslides increase, more material transported so more erosion by abrasion.
Temperature = low temps near River Eden’s source… freeze-thaw weathering in winter. Weathering by weakens rock increasingly likelihood of mass movement.

Question 9

Influences of Geology on River Eden’s Geomorphic Processes: give 2. This about rocks nearby and Eden basin.

Answer 9

1) Edges of Eden Basin = hard rocks which have resisted erosion over time so still elevated. But carbonation weathering is wearing away the exposed limestone.
2) West of Eden basin -> igneous
3) Middle + lower courses = sandstone. Easily eroded. Lateral erosion-> meanders, river cliffs, oxbow lakes

Question 10

How is the River Eden managed? Give 2.

Answer 10

1) Channel management
2) Flood walls + embankments
3) Resevoirs
4) Planting trees - 1,000 trees nearby £500,000

Question 11

Give an impact of human activity on river Eden.

Answer 11

Farming
Deforestation

Question 12

When did Cyclone Nargis hit Myanmar?

Answer 12

May 2nd 2008

Question 13

We’re people prepared for Cyclone Nargis?

Answer 13

No, because the storm track was unusual.

Question 14

How many people died in Hurricane Nargis?

Answer 14

84,500 deaths

Question 15

How much worth of damage was there in Cyclone Nargis?

Answer 15

$10 billion

Question 16

Give a social, economic and environment impact of Cyclone Nargis.

Answer 16

Social - 84,500 deaths + orphaned children
Economic - fisheries, especially shrimp farms, were destroyed
Environmental - floods destroyed much of local land

Question 17

How did the government respond to Cyclone Nargis?

Answer 17

Initially, Myanmar government refused entry to many aid agencies. They were under the rule of oppressive military junta that believed letting aid agencies would lead to destabilisation.

Question 18

How did organisations respond to Cyclone Nargis?

Answer 18

The UK sent £17 million and an international relief team to coordinate relief efforts.

Question 19

Efforts have been made to minimise future hazards (Cyclone Nargis). Organisation actions include:

Answer 19

School children taught good hygiene practices to avoid disease spreading.
New wells built so clean water can be accessed.

Question 20

What were the individual actions made to prevent future hazards (Cyclone Nargis)?

Answer 20

Telephone lines installed + people have purchased portable telephones to improve communication links with other areas of the country.
People can know where aid or help is needed and can send help quickly.

Question 21

How many people were affected by Cyclone Nargis?

Answer 21

2.4 million people