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Histopathology > Odontogenesis and Tooth development > Flashcards

Odontogenesis and Tooth development Flashcards

1
Q

what is the periodontium made of

A

gingivia, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone proper

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2
Q

when do ectoderm/mesenchyme interactions occur

A

before any of the 6 stages of tooth development

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3
Q

what layers play an instructional role during the pre-tooth bud stage of tooth formation

A

ectoderm (epithelium) and mesenchyme (neural crest cells)

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4
Q

what does the epithelium/ectoderm do in tooth development

A

specifies the dental nature of mesenchyme

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5
Q

what does the mesenchyme do in tooth development

A

specifies the tooth type and nature of product produced by epithelium

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6
Q

what does the dental papilla differentiate into

A

pulp and dentin

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7
Q

what does the dental follicle differentiate into

A

PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone proper

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8
Q

what are the 6 stages of tooth development and what happens in each

A
  1. initiation: cellular induction
  2. bud stage: cellular proliferation
  3. cap stage: proliferation, beginning of differentiation and morphogenesis
  4. bell stage: proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. all parts of the enamel organ are visible
  5. apposition: induction and proliferation. mineralized tissues grow against each other
  6. maturation: maturation, calcification of more proteinaceous matrices
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9
Q

when does initiation/induction stage occur and what specifically happens

A

6-7th week
-invagination of the ectoderm into the mesenchyme forms the dental lamina

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10
Q

when does the bud stage occur and what specifically happens

A

8th week
- vestibule occurs through apoptosis of mesenchyme to make room for the oral ectoderm to make the primitive gut
-proliferating oral ectoderm makes transition into dental lamina

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11
Q

when does the early cap stage occur and what specifically happens

A

9-10th week
-apoptosis results in creation of buccal vestibule

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12
Q

what layers form in the cap stage

A

-outer enamel epithelium
-inner enamel epithelium
-stellate reticulum
-dental papilla
-dental follicle

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13
Q

what do cells in the stellate reticulum do

A

supportive cells, hold shape of enamel organ

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14
Q

what do the cells in the dental papilla do

A

undifferentiated cells making their way up into the inner enamel epithelium and eventually forms pulp and odontoblasts

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15
Q

what does the dental follicle do

A

encapsulates the enamel organ and eventually forms the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone

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16
Q

what layers are visible in the bell stage

A

all layers are distinguishable and enamel organ can be differentiated

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17
Q

what makes up the enamel organ

A

outer enamel epithelium, inner enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium

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18
Q

what type of cells are in the outer enamel epithelium and what is their function

A

-cuboidal cells
-protective barrier

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19
Q

what type of cells are in the inner enamel epithelium and what is their function

A

cuboidal cells
- differentiated into ameloblasts (enamel)

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20
Q

what type of cells are in the stellate reticulum and what is their function

A

-star shaped cells forming network inside enamel organ
- supportive function in enamel production

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21
Q

what type of cells are in the stratum intermedium and what is their function

A

-compressed layer of flat cuboidal cells
-supportive function in enamel production (makes alkaline phosphatase)

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22
Q

what type of cells are in the dental follicle/sac and what is their function

A

-collagen fibers around enamel organ
- differentiate into cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone

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23
Q

what type of cells are in the dental papilla and what is their function

A

-cells nearest IEE have basement membrane separation
-outer cells differentiate into odontoblasts and inner cells differentiate into pulpal tissue

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24
Q

what occurs with the inner enamel epithelium in the apposition stage

A

IEE starts cuboidal (inactive)and becomes columnar (active)
-pre ameloblasts have receptors (fibronectin) that attract dental papilla cells (pre-odontoblasts)

25
Q

what do odontoblasts and ameloblasts do in the apposition stage

A

odontoblasts secrete pre-dentin matrix (mantle dentin) and ameloblasts sense that and secrete enamel matrix

26
Q

what happens to the enamel in the apposition stage

A

ameloblasts separates from basement membrane, uniform process due to alkaline phosphatase from stratum inermedium

27
Q

what happens to the dentin in the apposition stage

A

remains attached to basement membrane, becomes dentin tubules

28
Q

what is mantle dentin, what type of collagen does it have and which way are the fibrils oriented in relation to the DEJ

A

-first formed dentin
-30-50 um thick
-contains type 1 and 3 collagen
-collagen fibers are oriented perpendicular to the DEJ

29
Q

describe active ameloblasts in the apposition stage

A

tall columnar cells

30
Q

describe inactive ameloblasts in the apposition stage and what do they form

A

short columnar or elongated cuboidal cells
- at the final stage of mineralization the inactive ameloblasts of the OEE, stellate reticulum, and stratum intermedium form a membrane on the surface of the enamel called the primary cuticle

31
Q

what is another term for the primary cuticle

A

nasmyth’s membrane

32
Q

how long do roots take to completely develop after eruption and what happens to them over time

A

1-4 years
-the pulp chambers narrow and apical opening constricts with time

33
Q

what is hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

A

fusion and apical extension of the outer and inner enamel epithelia

34
Q

what does hertwig’s epithelial root sheath determine

A

the outline, shape, length of the root, it is removed before cementum is laid down

35
Q

what is anodontia

A

total lack of tooth development (no teeth)

36
Q

what is hypodontia

A

lack of development of one or more teeth

37
Q

what is oligodontia

A

indicates the lack of formation of 6 or more teeth

38
Q

what is hyperdontia

A

increased number of teeth

39
Q

when does hyperdontia occur in the developmental stages

A

initiation stage

40
Q

what is mesodens in hyperdontia

A

most common supernumerary tooth formation, between 8 and 9

41
Q

what is odontoma

A

small fragments of tooth structure consisting of dentin, enamel, cementum or any combination

42
Q

what is complex odontoma

A

comprised of a cognomina mass of enamel and dentin that bears no anatomic resemblance to a tooth. locally invasive and continue to expand, need to remove

43
Q

what is compound odontoma

A

comprised of multiple small tooth like structures, need to remove

44
Q

what is concresence

A

defect occuring during apposition and maturation stages that results in union of rooth structure of two or more teeth by cementum

45
Q

what is tubercle formation

A

defect occuring during the cap stage that results in an extra cusp due to effect on the enamel organ

46
Q

what is gemination and fusion

A

defect that originated during the cap stage of development and results in large single rooted tooth with one pulp cavity and exhibits twinning crown

47
Q

what is gemination

A

tooth count is normal when the double tooth is counted as one

48
Q

what is fusion

A

refers to a double tooth in which the tooth count reveals a missing tooth when the double tooth is counted as one

49
Q

what is abnormal root development caused by

A

issue with hertwig’s rooth sheath

50
Q

what is taurodontism

A

an enlargement of the body and chamber of multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the bifurcation (long root trunk with very short roots)
-low bifurcation

51
Q

what is a dilaceration

A

bend in the root, abnormal angulation

52
Q

what is a dentigerous cyst caused by

A

separation of the dental follicle from the crown of an unerupted tooth

53
Q

where are dentigerous cysts attached

A

at the CEJ

54
Q

where are odontogenic keratocysts most common

A

mostly in posterior mandible

55
Q

what do odontogenci keratocysts arise from

A

the cells rests of the dental lamina (rests of serres)

56
Q

what percentage of odontogenic cysts do odontogenic keratocysts account for and what is the recurrence rate

A

3-11% with 30% recurrence rate

57
Q

describe the cysts in odontogenic keratocysts

A

consists of 6-8 cell layers of stratified squamous epithelium with parakeratosis at the luminal surface

58
Q

what is an ameloblastoma and what does it look like on a radiograph

A

slow growing and locally invasive tumor, lesions appear a multilocular or soap bubble and radio-resistance

59
Q

what is the most common neoplastic lesion arising from odontogenic epithelium

A

ameloblastoma

Histopathology (14 decks)

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