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Histopathology > Mucous Membrane Variances > Flashcards

Mucous Membrane Variances Flashcards

1
Q

what does gingival pigmentation vary due to

A

differences in melanocyte activity in the basal cell layer. melanin granules vary in density person to person

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2
Q

what does less attached gingiva mean

A

more non-keratinized unattached gingiva

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3
Q

what does the lip contain

A

-capillary loops
-vermillion border: line between keratinized and non keratinized tissue on the inside of the lip which has an increased amount of capillary loops
-thin para keratinized layers
-mucous secreting glands

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4
Q

describe filiform papillae and their location

A

-hair like papillae
-most numerous
-highly keratinized
- located over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue

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5
Q

describe fungiform papillae and their location

A

-fungus like
-small, round red surface projections
-tend to contain taste buds for salt and sweet
-located at the tip of the tongue

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6
Q

describe foliate papillae and their location

A

-leaf like papillae
-contain lymphoid nodules with germinal centers
- contain taste buds for sweet
-located on the posterior lateral margins of the tonuge

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7
Q

what makes up waldeyers ring

A

-palatine tonsils
-pharyngeal tonsils
lingual lymphoid nodules on the foliate papillae

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8
Q

describe circumvallate papillae and their location

A
  • walled papillae
    -generally only about 6-8 per tongue
    -lightly keratinized
    -contains taste buds for bitter
  • papillae sulcus is cleared of taste stimuli by serous salivary glands of Von Ebner
    -located anterior to the sulcus terminalis on the posterior dorsal tongue surface
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9
Q

where are taste buds located and what do they contain

A

line inside of papillae and usually contain glands of von ebner that sit inside crevice and pump out fluid to wash away stimulus from taste bud so you can continue to taste over and over again

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10
Q

what are taste cells

A

neuroepithelial cells, specialized epithelial cells that can detect different taste sensations. depending on the part of the oral cavity affected there will be different cranial nerve that is activated

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11
Q

where do taste fibers from all three nerves 7,9 and 10 converge

A

in the tractus solitarius in the brain stem

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12
Q

what cranial nerve is activated in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII via chorda tympani branch

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13
Q

what cranial nerve is activated in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

CN IX

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14
Q

what cranial nerve is activated in the soft palate

A

CN VII via the greeter petrosal branch

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15
Q

what cranial nerve is activated in the walls of the pharynx and epiglottis

A

CN X

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16
Q

what happens in coffee coating

A

foliate papilla are coated

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17
Q

what happens in drug induced linchenoid reaction

A

can be ulcerative, leukoplakic, or hypertrophic

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18
Q

what happens in lichen planus

A

-T lymphocytes infiltrates with langerhans cell hyperplasia are characteristic
-cell mediate immune injury to basal cells is suspected
-ulceration/loss of tissue above the basal cell layer is seen due to lymphocyte attraction from langerhans cells
- can be stress induced

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19
Q

what is the treatment for lichen planus

A

steroids to decrease immune response

20
Q

what is candidiasis

A

caused by candida albicans
- fungal infection
-typically asymptomatic and can be wiped off

21
Q

what is the treatment for candidiasis

A

anti-fungal agents

22
Q

what is a fissured tongue

A

thickened tongue, multiplied epithelial layers causes swelling and deep fissures
-age related and connected to xerostomia patients

23
Q

what is hairy tongue

A

abnormal growth of the filiform papillae and delayed shedding of the keratin layer

24
Q

what is the treatment for hairy tongue

A

tongue scraper

25
Q

what is geographic tongue and causes

A

-not pathological
- inflammation and desquamination of filiform papillae
- asymptomatic and doesnt need treatment
-idiopathic but could be stress, nutritional and genetically induced

26
Q

what is hyperkaratosis

A

thickening of stratum corneum often with abberant keratinization
-considered precancerous

27
Q

what is the most common oral cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

what populations have sqamous cell carcinoma more

A

-african american males
-male to female ratio 3:1

29
Q

what is the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma

A

posterior lateral border of the tongue, floor of the mouth and ventral tongue surface

30
Q

strong relationship exists between sqaumous cell carcinoma and ____

A

-tobacco smoking
-alcohol consumption
- phenol exposure
-oncogenic viruses (HPV)
- immunosuppression (AIDS)
- oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

31
Q

what is the histopathology of sqamous cell carcinoma characterized by

A

-arises from dysplastic surface epithelium and features alterations in size, shape and organization of the cellular components
-lesion exhibits invasive islands and cords of malignant squamous epithelial cells
-inflammatory response to epithelium and necrosis may be present
-abnormal production of keratin in form of keratin pearls

32
Q

what is mucosal pemphigoid

A

autoimmune disease, issue with adhesion of CT and epithelium

33
Q

what happens in mucosal pemphigoid

A

antigen attacks lamina lucida which contains pemphigoid receptors. antigen is the adhesion protein epiligrin found in the lamina lucida

34
Q

what is mucosal pemphigoid characterized by

A

linear accumulations of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane

35
Q

who is affected by mucosal pemphigoid

A

older adults 50-60
- females more than males by 2:1

36
Q

what is cicatrical

A

form of mucosal pemphigoid involving scaring
-characterized by BMMP involvement of the conjunctiva of the eye resulting in scarring (symblepharon)

37
Q

what is a positive nikolyskys sign

A

if there is separation from the epithelial layer form CT underneath. either by air or probing

38
Q

what is ectodermal dysplasia

A

syndrome involving abnormal lack of development of ectodermal structures such as hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, and teeth

39
Q

what are the features of ectodermal dysplasia

A

-hypohidrosis (no sweat glands so they overheat)
- depressed ridge of nose, pronounced supraorbital arches, severe xerostomia, and lack of development of teeth

40
Q

what is the inheritance pattern of ectodermal dysplasia

A

x-linked recessive

41
Q

what is peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

considered to be reactive (non-cancerous). the lesion is thought to represent the matruation of pyogenic granuloma

42
Q

where is POF exclusively present

A

on the gingiva

43
Q

what is the occurence of POF

A

teenagers and young adults with peak prevalence between ages 10-19 years due to hormonal changes
-60-65% female cases

44
Q

what is the treatment for POF

A

surgical excision

45
Q

what is the histological appearance of POF

A

gingival mass with islands of calcified material derived from the periosteum

Histopathology (14 decks)

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