Mucous Membrane Variances Flashcards
what does gingival pigmentation vary due to
differences in melanocyte activity in the basal cell layer. melanin granules vary in density person to person
what does less attached gingiva mean
more non-keratinized unattached gingiva
what does the lip contain
-capillary loops
-vermillion border: line between keratinized and non keratinized tissue on the inside of the lip which has an increased amount of capillary loops
-thin para keratinized layers
-mucous secreting glands
describe filiform papillae and their location
-hair like papillae
-most numerous
-highly keratinized
- located over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue
describe fungiform papillae and their location
-fungus like
-small, round red surface projections
-tend to contain taste buds for salt and sweet
-located at the tip of the tongue
describe foliate papillae and their location
-leaf like papillae
-contain lymphoid nodules with germinal centers
- contain taste buds for sweet
-located on the posterior lateral margins of the tonuge
what makes up waldeyers ring
-palatine tonsils
-pharyngeal tonsils
lingual lymphoid nodules on the foliate papillae
describe circumvallate papillae and their location
- walled papillae
-generally only about 6-8 per tongue
-lightly keratinized
-contains taste buds for bitter - papillae sulcus is cleared of taste stimuli by serous salivary glands of Von Ebner
-located anterior to the sulcus terminalis on the posterior dorsal tongue surface
where are taste buds located and what do they contain
line inside of papillae and usually contain glands of von ebner that sit inside crevice and pump out fluid to wash away stimulus from taste bud so you can continue to taste over and over again
what are taste cells
neuroepithelial cells, specialized epithelial cells that can detect different taste sensations. depending on the part of the oral cavity affected there will be different cranial nerve that is activated
where do taste fibers from all three nerves 7,9 and 10 converge
in the tractus solitarius in the brain stem
what cranial nerve is activated in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII via chorda tympani branch
what cranial nerve is activated in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN IX
what cranial nerve is activated in the soft palate
CN VII via the greeter petrosal branch
what cranial nerve is activated in the walls of the pharynx and epiglottis
CN X
what happens in coffee coating
foliate papilla are coated
what happens in drug induced linchenoid reaction
can be ulcerative, leukoplakic, or hypertrophic
what happens in lichen planus
-T lymphocytes infiltrates with langerhans cell hyperplasia are characteristic
-cell mediate immune injury to basal cells is suspected
-ulceration/loss of tissue above the basal cell layer is seen due to lymphocyte attraction from langerhans cells
- can be stress induced
what is the treatment for lichen planus
steroids to decrease immune response
what is candidiasis
caused by candida albicans
- fungal infection
-typically asymptomatic and can be wiped off
what is the treatment for candidiasis
anti-fungal agents
what is a fissured tongue
thickened tongue, multiplied epithelial layers causes swelling and deep fissures
-age related and connected to xerostomia patients
what is hairy tongue
abnormal growth of the filiform papillae and delayed shedding of the keratin layer
what is the treatment for hairy tongue
tongue scraper
what is geographic tongue and causes
-not pathological
- inflammation and desquamination of filiform papillae
- asymptomatic and doesnt need treatment
-idiopathic but could be stress, nutritional and genetically induced
what is hyperkaratosis
thickening of stratum corneum often with abberant keratinization
-considered precancerous
what is the most common oral cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
what populations have sqamous cell carcinoma more
-african american males
-male to female ratio 3:1
what is the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma
posterior lateral border of the tongue, floor of the mouth and ventral tongue surface
strong relationship exists between sqaumous cell carcinoma and ____
-tobacco smoking
-alcohol consumption
- phenol exposure
-oncogenic viruses (HPV)
- immunosuppression (AIDS)
- oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
what is the histopathology of sqamous cell carcinoma characterized by
-arises from dysplastic surface epithelium and features alterations in size, shape and organization of the cellular components
-lesion exhibits invasive islands and cords of malignant squamous epithelial cells
-inflammatory response to epithelium and necrosis may be present
-abnormal production of keratin in form of keratin pearls
what is mucosal pemphigoid
autoimmune disease, issue with adhesion of CT and epithelium
what happens in mucosal pemphigoid
antigen attacks lamina lucida which contains pemphigoid receptors. antigen is the adhesion protein epiligrin found in the lamina lucida
what is mucosal pemphigoid characterized by
linear accumulations of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane
who is affected by mucosal pemphigoid
older adults 50-60
- females more than males by 2:1
what is cicatrical
form of mucosal pemphigoid involving scaring
-characterized by BMMP involvement of the conjunctiva of the eye resulting in scarring (symblepharon)
what is a positive nikolyskys sign
if there is separation from the epithelial layer form CT underneath. either by air or probing
what is ectodermal dysplasia
syndrome involving abnormal lack of development of ectodermal structures such as hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, and teeth
what are the features of ectodermal dysplasia
-hypohidrosis (no sweat glands so they overheat)
- depressed ridge of nose, pronounced supraorbital arches, severe xerostomia, and lack of development of teeth
what is the inheritance pattern of ectodermal dysplasia
x-linked recessive
what is peripheral ossifying fibroma
considered to be reactive (non-cancerous). the lesion is thought to represent the matruation of pyogenic granuloma
where is POF exclusively present
on the gingiva
what is the occurence of POF
teenagers and young adults with peak prevalence between ages 10-19 years due to hormonal changes
-60-65% female cases
what is the treatment for POF
surgical excision
what is the histological appearance of POF
gingival mass with islands of calcified material derived from the periosteum
