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Histopathology > Gingival Fibers and PDL > Flashcards

Gingival Fibers and PDL Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the gingival fiber ligament

A

-stabilizes the gingiva by providing rigidity and density to the marginal gingiva
- acts as a periosteum for the interproximal crestal alveolar bone
- provide one half of the biological width
-acts as a protective barrier for the crestal alveolar bone against the spread of gingival inflammation
-inhibit the apical migration of the junctional epithelium

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2
Q

what are the GFL fiber groups

A

dentogingival, dentoperiosteal, alveologingival ,circular, transseptal, semicricular, transgingival

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3
Q

how many semicircular GFL fibers groups, transspetal, and transginigval are there

A

9,7, and 3

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4
Q

what is the function of transseptal fiber groups

A

resist tooth separation

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5
Q

what is the function of dentogingival fiber groups

A

resists gingival displacement

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6
Q

what is the function of alveogingival fiber groups

A

resist gingival displacement

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7
Q

what is the function of circumferential fiber groups

A

resist gingival displacement

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8
Q

what is the function of semicircular fiber groups

A

resist gingival displacement and tooth separation

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9
Q

what is biological width

A

area of junctional epithelium and gingival fiber ligaments attached to the root of a tooth

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10
Q

how big is the junctional epithelium, gingival fiber ligaments

A

0.98 - junctional epithelium
1.02 - gingival fiber ligaments

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11
Q

where is the biological width located

A

extends from crest of gingival to crest of alveolar bone

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12
Q

what happens if the biological width is violated

A

chronic inflammation will occur and result in induced loss of supporting alveolar bone with formation of a diseased periodontal pocket

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13
Q

when does violation of biological width occur

A

with incorrect placement of crowns

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of violation of biological wdith

A

itchy and bleeding gums, chronic irritation/inflammation

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15
Q

how do you fix violation of biological width

A

crown lengthening, change height of alveolar crest to keep 2 mm separation

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16
Q

what does the periodontal ligament contain

A

co-fibers of collagen that interlock together

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17
Q

what are the functions of the peridodontal ligament

A

-supportive
- regeneration
-nutritional
-sensory
-protective

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18
Q

what are the dental follicle zones and what do they give rise to

A

-peripheral zone - alveolar bone proper
- intermediate zone - PDL
- proximal zone - cementoblasts

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19
Q

what is the PDL derived from

A

neural crest (ectomesenchymal cells) in the intermediate zone of the dental follicle

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20
Q

periodontal fibers form as ____

A

the tooth grows

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21
Q

what do PDL fiber groups do

A

contract and function in the eruption of the tooth

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22
Q

what are PDL fibers designed to resist

A

rotational/torque-like forces on the tooth

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23
Q

what are sharpey’s fibers

A

collagen fibers from the alveolar bone and cementum that embed into cementum

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24
Q

what cells are in the PDL

A

-fibroblasts
-osteoblasts
-cementoblasts
-macrophages
-undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
-endothelial cells
-epithelial cells

25
Q

what do apical fibers do

A

resist vertical force

26
Q

what do oblique fibers do

A

resists intrusive/masticatory force

27
Q

what do horizontal fibers do

A

resist horizontal and tipping force

28
Q

what do alveolar crest fibers do

A

resist vertical force

29
Q

what do interradicular fibers do

A

resist vertical and lateral force

30
Q

what is orthodontic relapse

A

after ortho treatment, retainers are given due to PDFs memory

31
Q

what is done to limit orthodontic relapse from occurring

A

transseptal fibers and semicircular fibers are cut

32
Q

what are interstital spaces

A

source of mesenchymal cells that can differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts

33
Q

what do cementoblasts do

A

regeneration and repair of cementum following injury

34
Q

what do osteoblasts do

A

function in regeneration and repair of bone following disease or orthodontic therapy of alveolar bone

35
Q

what do fibroblasts do

A

involved in collagen production and physiological collagen degradation

36
Q

what is ankylosis

A

reparative response to injury

37
Q

what happens in ankylosis

A

fusion of cementum with the alveolar bone without intervening the PDL

38
Q

what happens in singificant injury in akylosis

A

cells responding are from the supporting alveolar bone, results in ankylosis and loss of PDL

39
Q

what happens in slight injury in ankylosis

A

cells responding are from the PDL will regenerate all tissues involved and PDL will be restored

40
Q

what are the steps in wound healing

A

-undifferentiated cells migrate into the area as macrophages and PMNs cause inflammatory response and remove damaged tissues
- fibroblasts and or osteoblasts replace the damaged tissue
- a mast cell response is usually present in which heparin and histamine are released. this inflammatory response helps the necessary cells reach their target

41
Q

what is guided tissue regeneration

A

surgical technique of regenerating the periodontal attachment apparatus on periodontally involved teeth which uses the differentiation of mesenchymal cells in the interstitial spaces of the PDL and narrow spaces of the adjacent alveolar bone

42
Q

what does guided tissue regeneration use

A

a membrane to help block epithelial cells from growing down into the defect

43
Q

what are epithelial rests of malassez

A

remains of hertwigs rooth sheath, duct like apperance with unknown function

44
Q

where are epithelial rests of malassez found

A

apical areas of adolescent teeth

45
Q

when do lateral periodontal cysts occur

A

when rests of malassez are activated

46
Q

is tx of lateral periodontal cysts necessary

A

yes

47
Q

what are epithelial rests of serres

A

remains of the dental lamina

48
Q

what is a gingival cyst derived from

A

odontogenic epithelium located in the CT of the gingiva

49
Q

what are epithelial rests of serres thought to be connected to

A

gingival keratocyst/odontogenic keratocyst

50
Q

what does orthodontic movement result from

A

compression of the PDL on the side of the root corresponding to the direction of movement

51
Q

what happens to the PDL in direction of tooth movement

A

compression of the PDL results in loss of principle fiber orientation and resorption of adjacent bone. fibroblasts and osteoclasts eating things

52
Q

what happens to the PDL in movement in the direction opposite tooth movement

A

stretching/tension of the PDL principle fibers, controlled tension results in bone apposition
-osteoblasts laying down bone

53
Q

what is trauma from occlusion

A

extensive functional stresses placed on a tooth by an antagonist that exceeds the limits of physiological adaptation

54
Q

what does trauma from occlusion result in

A

resportion of alveolar bone parallel to the long axis of the root
-a PDL that is wider than normal average width
-tooth mobility

55
Q

what is the tx for trauma from occlusion

A

re-establishing occlusion by fixing crown

56
Q

what is disuse atrophy from

A

a tooth with no occlusal antagonist

57
Q

what does disuse atrophy result in

A

-significant decrease in density of bony trabeculae
- decreased width of PDL
- loss of orientation of the principle fibers of the PDL
- increased volume of the bone marrow spaces

58
Q

what is an ameloblastoma

A

aggressive benign tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium that exhibits a radiolucent, multilocular radiographic appearance

Histopathology (14 decks)

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