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Pharm Unit 3 Drugs > Ocular Drugs > Flashcards

Ocular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine (Miochol) CLass

A

Direct Muscarinic

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2
Q

Acetylcholine (Miochol) MOA

A

Pupillary constriction

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3
Q

Acetylcholine (Miochol) Therapeutics

A

Used in cataract surgery to constrict pupil intraoperatively

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4
Q

Acetylcholine (Miochol) SE

A

“Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting,

diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”

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5
Q

Pilocarpine HCl (Salagen) Class

A

Direct Muscarinic

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6
Q

Pilocarpine HCl (Salagen) MOA

A

Pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow

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7
Q

Pilocarpine HCL (Salagen) Therapeutics

A

Treatment of glaucoma (both open angle and acute closed angle); used less today due to side effects

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8
Q

Pilocarpine HCl (Salagen) SE

A
  1. Decreased vision when patient has cataracts due to miosis and headache
  2. “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting,
    diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”
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9
Q

Pilocarpine HCl (Salagen) Misc

A

Requires frequent dosage QID

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10
Q

Carbachol Class

A

Direct muscarinic

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11
Q

Carbachol MOA

A

Pupillary constriction, increased aqueous outflow

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12
Q

Carbachol Therapeutics

A

Treatment of glaucoma; used less today due to topical side effects

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13
Q

Carbachol SE

A
  1. Decreased vision due to miosis and headache
  2. “Bronchospasm, salivation, nausea, vomiting,
    diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, lacrimation, sweating”
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14
Q

Atropine Class

A

Antimuscarinic

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15
Q

Atropine MOA

A

Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body

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16
Q

Atropine Therapeutics

A

Improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)

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17
Q

Atropine SE

A

“Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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18
Q

Atropine Misc

A

Very long acting so not used unless severe inflammation

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19
Q

Scopolamine Class

A

Antimuscarinic

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20
Q

Scopolamine MOA

A

Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body

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21
Q

Scopolamine Therapeutics

A

Improve discomfort during active eye inflammation (ueveitis)

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22
Q

Scopolamine SE

A

“Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary
retention”

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23
Q

Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) Class

A

Antimuscarinic

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24
Q

Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) MOA

A

Pupillary dilatation; paralysis of ciliary body

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25
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) Therapeutics
Most commonly used cycloplegia for eye exams
26
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) SE
"Ataxia, nystagmus, restlessness, mental confusion, hallucination, violent and aggressive behavior, insomnia, photophobia, urinary retention"
27
Edrophonium (Enlon) Class
Nm agonist
28
Edrophonium (Enlon) MOA
Destroys acetylcholinesterase
29
Edrophonium (Enlon) Therapeutics
Diagnose myasthenia gravis
30
Dipivefrin HCl (Propine) Class
Direct adrenergic
31
Dipivefrin HCl (Propine) MOA
Prodrug of epinpehrine
32
Dipivefrin HCl (Propine) Therapeutics
Treatment of glaucoma
33
Hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine) Class
Indirect adrenergic
34
Hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine) MOA
Release NE
35
Hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine) Therapeutics
Separates 1st and 2nd from 3rd order neuron dysfunction in Horner's syndrome; positive dilation means 1st or 2nd order, an ominous sign
36
Cocaine Class
Indirect adrenergic
37
Cocaine MOA
Prevent reuptake of NE
38
Cocaine Therapeutics
Use initially to confirm diagnosis of Horner's Syndrome
39
Apraclonidine (Iopidine) Class
Direct alpha agonist
40
Apraclonidine (Iopidine) MOA
Amino derivative of clonidine; does not cross blood-brain barrier --> minimal effect on systemic blood pressure
41
Apraclonidine (Iopidine) Therapeutics
Treatment of open angle glaucoma
42
Brimondine tartrate (Alphagan) Class
Direct alpha 2 agonist
43
Brimondine tartrate (Alphagan) MOA
Suppresses aqueous humor production through action of cAMP in non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
44
Brimondine tartrate (Alphagan) Therapeutics
Primary agent for treatment of glaucoma
45
Brimondine tartrate (Alphagen) Misc
May cause follicular conjunctivitis; use with MAOi can cause fatigue/drowsiness
46
Dapiprazole Class
Alpha Antagonist
47
Dapiprazole MOA
Blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors in smooth dilator muscle of iris
48
Dapiprazole Therapeutics
Reverses tropicamide, phenylephrine
49
Dapiprazole Misc
Not currently available
50
Timolol (Timoptic) Class
Beta blocker
51
Timolol (Timoptic) MOA
Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
52
Timolol (Timoptic) Therapeutics
Second line treatment of glaucoma
53
Timolol (timoptic) SE
"Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression, fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia"
54
Timolol (Timoptic) Misc
Contraindicated in CHF, asthma; bradycardia over time may produce tachyphylaxis
55
Levobunolol (Betagan) Class
Beta blocker
56
Levobunolol (Betagan) MOA
Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
57
Levobunolol (Betagan) Therapeutics
Second line treatment of glaucoma
58
Levobunolol (Betagan) SE
"Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, palpitation, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, mental confusion, depression, fatigue, lightheadedness, hallucinations, memory impairment, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalemia"
59
Latanoprast (Xalatan) Class
Prostaglandin analog
60
Latanoprast (Xalatan) MOA
Increase uveoscleral outflow
61
Latanoprast (Xalatan) Therapeutics
Primary agent for treatment of glaucoma
62
Latanoprast (Xalatan) SE
Eyelash growth, change in iris color, intraocular inflammation
63
Latanoprast (Xalatan) Misc
May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery and activate herpes
64
Travoprost (Travatan) Class
Prostaglandin analog
65
Travoprost (Travatan) MOA
INcrease uveoscleral outflow
66
Travoprost (Travatan) Therapeutics
Second line treatment of glaucoma
67
Travoprost (Travatan) SE
Eyelash growth, change in iris color
68
Travoprost (Travatan) MIsc
May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery; more effective in African Americans
69
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) Class
Prostaglandin Analog
70
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) MOA
Increase uveoscleral outflow
71
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) Therapeutics
Primary agent for treatment of glaucoma
72
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) SE
Eyelash growth, change in iris color
73
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) Misc
May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery and activate herpes
74
Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) Class
Carbonic Anhydrase
75
Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) MOA
Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
76
Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) Therapeutics
Second line glaucoma therapy
77
Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) SE
Red eyes, lid allergies
78
Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt) MIsc
Contraindicated in sulfonamide allergies
79
Acetazolamide (Diamox) CLass
Carbonic anhydrase
80
Acetazolamide (Diamox) MOA
Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
81
Acetazolamide (Diamox) Therapeutics
Oral agent used for advanced glaucoma and with cataract surgery
82
Brinzolamide (Azopt) Class
Carbonic Anhydrase
83
Brinzolamide (Azopt) MOA
Reduce aqueous production via interfere with the active transport of Na through Na-K-ATPase pump
84
Brinzolamide (Azopt) Therapeutics
Second line glaucoma therapy
85
Brinzolamide (Azopt) SE
Red eyes, lid allergies
86
Betaxolol (Betoptic) Class
Beta 1 blocker
87
Betaxolol (Betoptic) MOA
Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process
88
Betaxolol (Betoptic) Therapeutics
Reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process

Pharm Unit 3 Drugs (13 decks)

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