Narcotics Flashcards
Other SE for all opioids
Dry mouth, nausea/vomiting, sedation, sweating; dreams, dysphoria, delerium, myoclonus, seizures, pruritis, urticaria, urinary incontinence
Morphine Class
Opioid
Codeine Class
Opioid
Tramadol (Ultram) Class
Opioid
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Class
Opioid
Methadone (Methadose) Class
Opioid
Oxycodone Class
Opioid
Meperidine (Demerol) Class
Opioid
Loperamide (Imodium) Class
Opioid
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) Class
Opioid
Naloxone (Narcan) Class
Opioid antagonist
Naltrexone (Revia) Class
Opioid antagonist
Morphine MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist
Codeine MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist (low receptor affinity); demethylated to form morphine (10% of oral ingestion, via CYP2D6)
Tramadol (Ultram) MOA
Mu opioid receptor agonist (weak); some NE/5HT uptake inhibition (leading to analgesia); synthetic codeine analog
Fentanyl (Duragesic)MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist (strong); highly lipid-soluble
Methadone (Methadose) MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist
Oxycodone MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist
Meperidine (Demerol) MOA
Mu-opioid receptor agonist
Loperamide (Imodium) MOA
Slows peristalsis via opioid receptors in intestine, and possibly decreased GI secretion
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA
Slows peristalsis via opioid receptors in intestine, and possibly decreased GI secretion
Naloxone (Narcan) MOA
Competitive mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptor antagonist
Naltrexone (Revia)MOA
Mu-opioid receptor antagonist
Morphine Therapeutics
Severe analgesia, mood alteration, antitussive, sedation
Codeine Therapeutics
Moderate analgesia, antitussive (found in many cough medicines)
Tramadol (Ultram)Therapeutics
Moderate (not severe) analgesia
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Therapeutics
Severe analgesia after identification of dose level via other opiod (e.g., morphine)
Methadone (Methadose) Therapeutics
Chronic, severe pain; treatment of heroin and opiod addicts
Oxycodone Therapeutics
Moderate to severe analgesia
Meperidine (Demerol) Therapeutics
Don’t use this
Loperamide (Imodium) Therapeutics
Diarrhea
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) Therapeutics
Diarrhea
Naloxone (Narcan) Therapeutics
Acute opioid toxicity (depressed RR best predicts reponse)
Naltrexone (Revia) Therapeutics
Alcoholism
Morphine SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Codeine SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Tramadol (Ultram) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Fentanyl (Duragesic) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Methadone (Methadose) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Oxycodone SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Meperidine (Demerol) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression; mental status changes and seizures (normeperidine)
Loperamide (Imodium) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) SE
Miosis, constipation, respiratory depression
Naloxone (Narcan) SE
Can precipitate withdrawal (flu-like symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; piloerection, yawning, irritability)
Naltrexone (Revia) SE
May produce a prolonged withdrawal state (nausea, vomiting, piloerection, yawning)
Morphine Misc
2 major active metabolites: M6 (more potent/active), M3 (little affinity); intraspinal administration possible
Codeine Misc
10% of Caucasians unable to convert codeine to morphine (can still experience side effects, though)
Tramadol (Ultram) Misc
1 metabolite: demethylated, more potent analgesic
Fentanyl (Duragesic) Misc
IV, transdermal; do not change dose more than 1/week (long half-life); intraspinal administration possible
Methadone (Methadose) Misc
90% bound to plasma protein, accumulates in tissues (thus, extended duration of action); do not change dose more than 1/week (long half-life)
Oxycodone Misc
Oxycontin is extended release
Meperidine (Demerol) Misc
1 metabolite: normeperidine
Loperamide (Imodium) Misc
Meperidine congener
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) Misc
Meperidine congener
Naloxone (Narcan) Misc
Continuous parenteral infusion, as lasts only 15-30 minutes (oral almost completely metabolized by liver); patient has normal mental status