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Pharm U3 > Ocular > Flashcards

Ocular Flashcards

1
Q

Direct muscarinic agonist used to treat glaucoma–both open and acute closed angle and for cataract surgery

A

Pilocarpine

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2
Q

What does pilocarpine cause

A

Pupillary constriction

increased aqueous outflow

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3
Q

What are the side effects of pilocarpine and Echothiophate?

A 
Bronchospasm
Salivation
N/V
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Tenesmus
Lacrimation
Sweating
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4
Q

Indirect muscarinic agonist that irreversibly binds cholinesterase and is used for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

Echothiophate

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5
Q

What are the 3 antimuscarinics that cause pupillary dilatation and paralysis of the ciliary body?

A

Atropine
Scopolamine
Tropicamide

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6
Q

What 2 drugs are used to improve discomfort during active eye inflammation–ueveitis?

A

Atropine

Scopolamine

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7
Q

Drug most commonly used cycloplegia for eye exams?

A

Tropicamide

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8
Q

What are the side effects of the 3 antimuscarinics-Atropine, Scopolamine, and tropicamide?

A 
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Restlessness
Mental confusion
Hallucination
Violent and aggressive behavior
Insomnia
Photophobia
Urinary retention
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9
Q

A Nm agonist that destroys acetylcholinesterase and is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?

A

Edrophonium

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10
Q

Direct adrenergic agonist that causes dilation of episcleral vessels and increased aqueous outflow?

A

Epinephrine

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11
Q

Indirect adrenergic agonist that releases NE and is used to separate 1st and 2nd from 3rd order neuron dysfunction in Horner’s syndrome?

A

Hydroxyamphetamine–positive dilation means 1st or 2nd order

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12
Q

Indirect adrenergic agonist that prevents the repute of NE and is used for the initial confirmation diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Cocaine

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13
Q

Direct a1-agonist the dilates the pupil for eye exam and cataract surgery?

A

Phenylephrine

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14
Q

What are the side effects of phenylephrine

A

Cardiac side effects–Extrasystoles, palpitation, HTN, MI
Trembling
Paleness
Sweating

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15
Q

Direct a2-agonist that suppresses aqueous humor production through action of cAMP and is the primary agent for treatment of glaucoma?

A

Brimondine tartrate

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16
Q

B-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process–second line treatment of glaucoma?

A

Timolol

Contraindication in:

  • CHF
  • Asthma
17
Q

B2-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process–second line treatment of glaucoma?

A

Levobunolol

18
Q

B1-blocker used to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production at the ciliary process–second line treatment of glaucoma?

A

Betaxolol

19
Q

What are the side effects of the B-blockers used for the treatment of glaucoma?

A 
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Syncope
Palpitation 
CHF
Bronchospasm
Mental confusion
Depression
Fatigue
Lightheadedness
Hallucinations
Memory impairment
Sexual dysfunction
Hyperkalemia
20
Q

Prostaglandin analogs that cause increased uveoscleral outflow and are the primary agents for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

Latanoprast
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Unoprostone isopryl –least effective

21
Q

What are the side effects seen with the prostaglandin analogs used for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

Eyelash growth
change in iris color
intraocular inflammation–with latanoprast

May cause cystoid macular edema in cataract surgery and activate herpes (latanoprast)

22
Q

Ca-channel blocker that causes increased ocular perfusion at nerve head and is used for the treatment of low-tension glaucoma?

A

Nifedipine

23
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that reduce aqueous production via interference with the active transport of Na through Na-K ATPase pump and are the second line treatment for glaucoma?

A

Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide

24
Q

If all other topical therapies have failed for the treatment of glaucoma, what is an oral agent used fro advanced glaucoma and used for cataract surgery?

A

Acetazolamide–carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

25
Q

What is contraindicated with the use of Dorzolamide–a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for glaucoma?

A

Sulfonamide allergies

Pharm U3 (11 decks)

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