Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm U3 > General Anesthetics > Flashcards

General Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist used for mask induction in children, is an adjuvant to volatile anesthetics and opioids

A

Nitrous oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the major side effects of nitrous oxide

A

Post-op N/V
Inactivates Vit B–abnormal embryonic development, abortion

Does NOT produce muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most potent volatile anesthetic that is the gold standard for maintenance of anesthesia

A

Isoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Least soluble and least potent volatile anesthetic used for maintenance of anesthesia and allows for rapid emergence from anesthesia

A

Desflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What side effects are seen with desflurane

A

Airway irritation symptoms–due to pungency

Then all the other typical of volatile gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Less soluble and less potent volatile anesthetic used for mask induction in children and adults and for maintenance of anesthesia

A

Sevoflurane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the major side effect of sevoflurane

A

Can form CO if not combine with CO2 correctly

Then typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Barbiturate used to induce general anesthesia

A

Methohexital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methohexital

A

GABAa receptor agonist
Antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor
Produce hypnosis and sedation, but is anti-analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is an anti-emetic at low doses, is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, used for sedation in ICU, and for procedural sedation

A

Propofol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propofol

A

GABAa receptor agonist
Antagonist of NMDA-glutamate receptor
a2 receptor activity
Rapid onset and offset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of propofol

A

Propofol infusion syndrome—given for several days leads to:

  • metabolic acidosis
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • heart and renal failure
  • Lowering of BP
  • Bradycardia
  • Death

Due to fatty acid oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GABAa receptor agonist used for hypnosis and has no analgesic activity and is a good agent in patients with minimal cardiac reserve

A

Etomidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of etomidate

A

Pain on adm
Myoclonic movements–subcortical disinhibition
Post-op N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ketamine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist
Kappa opiate agonist

Leads - Dose-dependent unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the uses of ketamine

A

Sedative/anesthetic for pediatric/developmentally delayed patients
Induction in pts with reactive airway disease, hypovolemia (trauma pts), cardiac dz,
Used with propofol for IV procedural sedation
Depression treatment

17
Q

Ketamine is a great bronchodilator and is contraindicated in

A

CAD pts and those with intracranial lesions

18
Q

a2 adrenergic agonist that binds a2a and a2b in locus coeruleus and spinal cord causing sedation, sympatholysis, and analgesia.

A

Dexmedetomidine

19
Q

What are the uses of dexmedetomidine

A

Awake intubations
Awake craniotomies
Adjunct to general anesthesia in pts susceptible to narcotic-induced post-op respiratory depression

20
Q

What is the advantage to using dexmedetomidine

A

GABA is not involved therefore waking up is much easier–mimics non-REM sleep for the pt

21
Q

Used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for intubation through binding all ACh receptors and overstimulating them causing paralysis after fasiculations occur

A

Succinylcholine

22
Q

What are the side effects of succinylcholine

A 
Malignant hyperthermia
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia
Increased intraocular pressure
Increased intracranial pressure
23
Q

Competitive blockers of ACh used as skeletal muscle relaxants

A 
Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Rocuronium
Atracurium
Cis-atracurium
24
Q

What is sugammadex used for

A

Complexes with rocuronium causing it to become inactive and is used for immediate reversal of rocuronium

25
Q

Which competitive ACh blocker should be avoided in pts with renal insufficiency

A

Pancuronium

26
Q

What is the side effect of pancuronium

A

Increased HR

27
Q

Which competitive ACh blocker can be used as a substitute for succinylcholine in RSI

A

Rocuronium

28
Q

What two competitive ACh blockers should be used in patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency

A

Atracurium and cis-atracurium

29
Q

What is the major difference btwn atracurium and cis-atracurium

A

Atracurium causes histamine release which causes hypotension and tachycardia

cis- doesn’t do this

30
Q

Name the 3 AChE-inhibitors used to reverse NMB and which one is most commonly used

A

Edrophonium
Neostigmine–most commonly used
Pyridostigmine –longest acting

31
Q

What two drugs are used to reverse the neuromuscular blockade’s muscaranic effects

A

Glycopyrrolate and atropine

Pharm U3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions