Non-Medical Drug Tox

Question 1

Opioid antagonist that may produce a prolonged withdrawal state–N/V, piloerection, yawning

Answer 1

Nalmefene

Question 2

Antioxidant used for acetaminophen overdose

Answer 2

N-acetylcystiene

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of N-acetylcystiene?

Answer 3

Supplies sulfhydryl groups to glutathione–improving microcirulcation and provides an anti-inflammatory effect

Question 4

Used for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 4

Fomepizole–vodka is a lot cheaper

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of Fomepizole?

Answer 5

Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 6

Blocks reuptake of dopamine, NE, and 5HT–causes sympathetic effects and paranoia- can be used as topical anesthetic, combined vasoconstrictor and local anesthetic.

Answer 6

Cocaine–CNS stimulant

Question 7

Schedule I hallucinogen that is an agonist at 5HT2a receptors on the Raphe cell body?

Answer 7

LSD

Also Mescaline and Psilocybin

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of LSD

Answer 8

Agonist at 5HT2a receptors—> Inhibition of Raphe nuclei firing–> increased sensory input, partial dopamine agonist

Question 9

What are the side effects of LSD

Answer 9

Bad trips--anxiety, panic attacks
Flashbacks
Street drug lifestyle 
No overdoses
Birth defects
Chronic psychoses linked to LSD

Question 10

Drug that causes violent behavior, coma, seizures, arrest; inexplicable psychoses

Answer 10

Phencyclidine –PCP

Question 11

What causes phencyclidine (PCP) to have a long half-life?

Answer 11

due to being highly lipid soluble and having active metabolites

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of phencyclidine (PCP)?

Answer 12

Antagonist of ion channel associated with NDMA receptor

Agonist of mu opioid receptors

Question 13

Drug used for the treatment of Narcolepsy and ADHD through indirect sympathominmetic–release biologic amines from nerve terminals in periphery and in CNS–DA most important

Answer 13

Amphetamines

Question 14

What are the side effects of amphetamines?

Answer 14

Vasospasm leading to possible stroke/MI
Arrhythmia
Weight loss

Tremor
Anxiety
Irritability
Confusion
Possibly paranoid state

Question 15

Schedule I hallucinogen, anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDS patients also an analgesic for neuropathic pain

Answer 15

Marijuana

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of all the Marijuana drugs?

Answer 16

Hits cannabinoid receptors–CB1 and CB2–> G-protein coupled receptors

Question 17

What is the active ingredient of Marijuana?

Answer 17

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Question 18

What is the endogenous cannabinoid?

Answer 18

Anandamide

Question 19

Schedule III drug used as anti-emetic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulate for cancer chemotherapy and AIDs patients?

Answer 19

Dronabinol

Question 20

Schedule II drug used for treatment - resistant nausea and vomiting and weight loss and anorexia in AIDS patients?

Answer 20

Nabilone –less psychoactive side effects than marijuana