OCT Biomarkers Flashcards

1
Q

What layers are IRC’s found?

A

Inner plexiform to outer nuclear layer.

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2
Q

How reversible are IRC’s?

A

Reversible in early stages.

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3
Q

In which layer are IRCs most responsive to treatment?

A

Inner nuclear layer - greater response
Outer nuclear layer - less response
Ganglion cell layer - slower visual recovery and higher treatment demands.

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4
Q

What is associated with lower best corrected visual acuity?

A

More abundant IRCs
Larger size
Presence of large cystic spaces

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5
Q

How often is SRF found in DMO?

A

25-30%

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6
Q

What is SRF correlated with?

A

Severity of disease
Favourable visual outcomes

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7
Q

What is the image showing?

A

Bridging of retinal processes

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8
Q

Does bridging of retinal processes suggest a good or bad visual outcome following treatment?

A

Good

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9
Q

What do the bright white spots indicate?

A

Hyperreflective foci

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10
Q

What are HRF thought to be?

A

Lipid laden macrophages indicating inflammation

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11
Q

Are HRF amenable to treatment?

A

If caught early
If in outer retinal layers associated with poorer visual outcomes

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12
Q

What do hard exudates look like on OCT?

A

Bright spots with backshadowing

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13
Q

Are hard exudates good or bad prognostically?

A

Bad

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14
Q

What does DRIL mean?

A

Disorganisation of retinal layers.
Inability to distinguish between the ganglion cell -inner plexiform layer, the INL and OPL in the central fovea.

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15
Q

Is DRIL reversible?

A

Rarely

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16
Q

What is fovea eversion?

A

concave fovea rather than convex.

17
Q

What does foveal eversion indicate?

A

Poor anatomical and visual outcomes