OCT Biomarkers Flashcards
What layers are IRC’s found?
Inner plexiform to outer nuclear layer.
How reversible are IRC’s?
Reversible in early stages.
In which layer are IRCs most responsive to treatment?
Inner nuclear layer - greater response
Outer nuclear layer - less response
Ganglion cell layer - slower visual recovery and higher treatment demands.
What is associated with lower best corrected visual acuity?
More abundant IRCs
Larger size
Presence of large cystic spaces
How often is SRF found in DMO?
25-30%
What is SRF correlated with?
Severity of disease
Favourable visual outcomes
What is the image showing?
Bridging of retinal processes
Does bridging of retinal processes suggest a good or bad visual outcome following treatment?
Good
What do the bright white spots indicate?
Hyperreflective foci
What are HRF thought to be?
Lipid laden macrophages indicating inflammation
Are HRF amenable to treatment?
If caught early
If in outer retinal layers associated with poorer visual outcomes
What do hard exudates look like on OCT?
Bright spots with backshadowing
Are hard exudates good or bad prognostically?
Bad
What does DRIL mean?
Disorganisation of retinal layers.
Inability to distinguish between the ganglion cell -inner plexiform layer, the INL and OPL in the central fovea.
Is DRIL reversible?
Rarely
What is fovea eversion?
convex fovea rather than concave.
What does foveal eversion indicate?
Poor anatomical and visual outcomes
