OCT 5 Flashcards
Sets of People
1 C________s
2 N______s
3 C__________s
Sets of People
1 Categories
2 Networks
3 Communities
Sets of People
4 _____s
5 O_________s
-bureaucracies
Sets of People
4 Groups
5 Organizations
-bureaucracies
Categories
-collection of people u______________d with one
another
-e.g., youth, women, students, swimmers
-sociologically relevant where differences
between categories are given social
meaning
-e.g., Baby-Boomers versus Millennials or generational __________
Categories
-collection of people unconnected with one
another
-e.g., youth, women, students, swimmers
-sociologically relevant where differences
between categories are given social
meaning
-e.g., Baby-Boomers versus Millennials
Networks
Direct or Indirect N________s
D_______: kinship, friendship, acquaintance
I_______t: (based on indirect l____s) Facebook
Networks
Direct or Indirect Networks
Direct: kinship, friendship, acquaintance
Indirect: (based on indirect links) Facebook
Networks
Networks
Characteristics:
1 Lack c_________e identity (e.g., community)
2 Lack a_________s of membership, networks
characteristics (e.g., group)
3 Lack a collective g___l (e.g., organization)
Networks
Networks
Characteristics:
1 Lack collective identity (e.g., community)
2 Lack awareness of membership, networks
characteristics (e.g., group)
3 Lack a collective goal (e.g., organization)
Communities
-sets of people with common i________y
-people drawn together by common
s________s
-members are _______e of their membership
-common g____s (e.g., survival of community)
Communities
-sets of people with common identity
-people drawn together by common
sentiments
-members are aware of their membership
-common goals (e.g., survival of community)
Groups
- awareness of membership
- often lack a collective i______y
- often lack a collective g__l
-Primary versus Secondary Primary: small, r\_\_\_\_\_\_r face-to-face interaction Secondary : larger, many members may not interact with others on regular basis
Groups
- awareness of membership
- often lack a collective identity
- often lack a collective goal
-Primary versus Secondary Primary: small, regular face-to-face interaction Secondary : larger, many members may not interact with others on regular basis
`Organizations
-secondary group with collective goal or purpose
Informal Organization: no stated g____ or clear
division o l_____r
e.g., a clique
`Organizations
-secondary group with collective goal or purpose
Informal Organization: no stated goals or clear
division o labour
e.g., a clique
`Organizations
-secondary group with collective goal or purpose
Spontaneous Organization
e.g., search parties
Formal Organization: deliberately planned and
formally coordinated social group organized to
achieve certain goals
e.g., a b_________y
`Organizations
-secondary group with collective goal or purpose
Spontaneous Organization
e.g., search parties
Formal Organization: deliberately planned and
formally coordinated social group organized to
achieve certain goals
e.g., a bureaucracy
Bureaucracies
•Bureaucracies are f_____l organizations:
‘-deliberately p_______d social group
‘-c________s people, capital and tools
‘-coordination is done through formalized r____s,
statuses and relationships
Bureaucracies
•Bureaucracies are formal organizations:
‘-deliberately planned social group
‘-coordinates people, capital and tools
‘-coordination is done through formalized roles,
statuses and relationships
Bureaucracies
‘-aims to achieve a specific set of g____s
•The most successful form of organization over the last
century: relatively efficient and effective
•Developed in response to E_______n nation-building,
c______ism, and i_________lism
Bureaucracies
‘-aims to achieve a specific set of goals
•The most successful form of organization over the last
century: relatively efficient and effective
•Developed in response to European nation-building,
capitalism, and industrialism
Bureaucracies
Weber’s seven (7) essential features of bureaucracies:
1 Division of l____r
2 H_______y of positions
3 Formal system of r_____s
4 Reliance upon written d___________n
Bureaucracies
Weber’s seven (7) essential features of bureaucracies:
1 Division of labour
2 Hierarchy of positions
3 Formal system of rules
4 Reliance upon written documentation
Bureaucracies
Weber’s seven (7) essential features of bureaucracies:
5 Separation of the p______n from the office
6 Hiring and promotion based upon
t__________l merit
7 Protection of c______s
Bureaucracies
Weber’s seven (7) essential features of bureaucracies:
5 Separation of the person from the office
6 Hiring and promotion based upon
technical merit
7 Protection of careers
Division of Labour
Before industrialism and capitalism, craftsmen
would produce goods from start to finish
The production process gave way to a more s__________d and detailed division of labour.
The bureaucracy provides the f_________s and r________s
for carrying out specific duties
A___m S____h noted the importance of specialization
as long ago as 1776
Division of Labour
Before industrialism and capitalism, craftsmen
would produce goods from start to finish
The production process gave way to a more specialized and detailed division of labour.
The bureaucracy provides the facilities and resources
for carrying out specific duties
Adam Smith noted the importance of specialization
as long ago as 1776
Hierarchy of-Positions
Bureaucracies are structured like a p________d with
authority centralized at the top
There often exists a well-defined h_______y of command
Each person is responsible to a specific person one level up the pyramid and for a specific group of people one level down
Hierarchy of-Positions
Bureaucracies are structured like a pyramid with
authority centralized at the top
There often exists a well-defined hierarchy of command
Each person is responsible to a specific person one level up the pyramid and for a specific group of people one level down
