OC5: War and British Conquest Flashcards
What was the significance of Acadia for France and Britain in the late 1600s?
Acadia represented a base for attacking each other and for protecting their own colonies and trade routes.
Acadia was strategically important for military and economic reasons.
What role did Acadia play for the Mi’kmaq?
Acadia formed part of their homeland.
The Mi’kmaq had a deep cultural and historical connection to the region.
Who were the key players competing for control of Acadia?
France, Britain, and the Mi’kmaq.
Each group had different motivations for controlling the region.
Fill in the blank: Acadia was important for France and Britain as it served as a base for _______.
[attacking each other]
The competition was largely driven by military strategy.
True or False: Acadia was solely important to France and Britain and had no significance to the Mi’kmaq.
False
The Mi’kmaq viewed Acadia as part of their homeland.
What did the Mikmaq call their homeland?
Mi’kma’ki
With whom did the Mikmaq establish a trading partnership?
The French
How did the relationship between the Mikmaq and French settlers generally fare?
They got along well
What areas did the French settlers drain and farm that the Mikmaq did not traditionally use?
Salt marshes
Did the Mikmaq consider themselves conquered by the French?
No
How did France depict Acadia on their maps?
As ‘French’
Did France ever fight the Mikmaq or ask for their surrender?
No
What might have contributed to France’s situation with the Mikmaq?
France’s ideas of imperialism
What understanding of land did the Mikmaq have that may have affected the situation?
Understanding of land as part of Creation, without owners
Fill in the blank: The Mikmaq became allies of the French, but they did not consider themselves _______.
conquered
When did France establish settlements in Acadia?
1604
What term did the Francophones in Acadia use to refer to themselves?
Acadians
What type of relationship did the Acadians form with the Mi’kmaq?
Close association
In what year did Britain take control of Acadia?
1713
What was the name of the war that led to Britain’s control of Acadia?
War of the Spanish Succession
What agreement formalized the terms for Britain gaining control of Acadia?
Treaty of Utrecht
How did Britain generally interact with First Nations in the Thirteen Colonies?
Did not seek partnerships
How long did the Mi’kmaq fight against British colonization?
Almost forty years
What was the longest war against colonization in North America?
Mi’kmaq war against Britain
What significant military installation did France build in 1720?
Fort Louisbourg
What was the name of the British military base established in response to Louisbourg?
Halifax
Fill in the blank: Colonization is the process of one country establishing _______ over a territory in another country or region.
[domination]
When did France establish settlements in Acadia?
1604
What term did the Francophones in Acadia use to refer to themselves?
Acadians
What type of relationship did the Acadians form with the Mi’kmaq?
Close association
In what year did Britain take control of Acadia?
1713
What was the name of the war that led to Britain’s control of Acadia?
War of the Spanish Succession
What agreement formalized the terms for Britain gaining control of Acadia?
Treaty of Utrecht
How did Britain generally interact with First Nations in the Thirteen Colonies?
Did not seek partnerships
How long did the Mi’kmaq fight against British colonization?
Almost forty years
What was the longest war against colonization in North America?
Mi’kmaq war against Britain
What significant military installation did France build in 1720?
Fort Louisbourg
What was the name of the British military base established in response to Louisbourg?
Halifax
Fill in the blank: Colonization is the process of one country establishing _______ over a territory in another country or region.
[domination]
What does the term ‘deport’ mean?
To send out of a country
What did Britain require from Acadians in 1730?
An oath to stay neutral in a potential war between Britain and France
What was the ‘oath of neutrality’?
An oath required by the British for Acadians to not take sides in a war
What new oath did the British require from Acadians by 1755?
An ‘oath of allegiance’ to fight for Britain against France
What happened when Acadians refused the ‘oath of allegiance’?
Britain decided to deport them
Where did some Acadians escape to?
New France
Who provided protection to some Acadians during the deportation?
The Mi’kmaq
True or False: The Acadians willingly left their farms and settlements when told to do so by Britain.
False
Fill in the blank: The Acadians were told to leave within _______ of Britain’s control over Acadia.
a year
What were Cajun communities in the United States known for?
Their cultural heritage stemming from the Acadian deportation
What was the Great Deportation?
The removal of eleven thousand Acadians from Acadia by Britain, starting in 1755.
This event occurred during the period between 1755 and 1763.
How many Acadians were captured and shipped during the Great Deportation?
Eleven thousand.
This number reflects the scale of the deportation efforts by the British.
Which groups were affected by the Great Deportation?
Acadians and the Mi’kmaq people.
The Mi’kmaq had a history of alliance, friendship, and intermarriage with the Acadians.
What was the impact of the Great Deportation on the Mi’kmaq people?
They lost friends and family due to the deportation.
The connection between Acadians and Mi’kmaq was significant, as they had established relationships over time.
What actions did Britain take against the Acadians during the Great Deportation?
Britain took the Acadians’ land, homes, and other possessions.
This indicates the extent of the displacement and loss experienced by the Acadian community.
What was the Great Deportation?
The removal of eleven thousand Acadians from Acadia by Britain, starting in 1755.
This event occurred during the period between 1755 and 1763.
How many Acadians were captured and shipped during the Great Deportation?
Eleven thousand.
This number reflects the scale of the deportation efforts by the British.
Which groups were affected by the Great Deportation?
Acadians and the Mi’kmaq people.
The Mi’kmaq had a history of alliance, friendship, and intermarriage with the Acadians.
What was the impact of the Great Deportation on the Mi’kmaq people?
They lost friends and family due to the deportation.
The connection between Acadians and Mi’kmaq was significant, as they had established relationships over time.
What actions did Britain take against the Acadians during the Great Deportation?
Britain took the Acadians’ land, homes, and other possessions.
This indicates the extent of the displacement and loss experienced by the Acadian community.
What is a strategic position?
A place whose physical location makes it important or valuable, often for military reasons.
Define prejudice.
A negative generalization about a group of people based on uninformed judgments.
What factor contributed to Britain’s decision to deport the Acadians?
The strategic position of Acadia, which could draw the region into conflict if France and Britain went to war.
What was the religious and linguistic background of the Acadians?
The Acadians were Catholic and spoke French.
How long had the Acadians lived under British rule before 1755?
More than forty years, since 1713.
In 1755, what was the population of Acadians compared to British settlers?
12,000 Acadian settlers and 6,000 British settlers; Acadians outnumbered the British two to one.
What promise did the Acadians make regarding their involvement in a war?
They promised to remain neutral.
What does the Acadians’ refusal to promise to fight against France suggest about their identity?
It suggests that they identified more with their French heritage than with British culture.
True or False: The British assumed they could trust the Acadians because they were loyal subjects.
False.
What is a strategic position?
A place whose physical location makes it important or valuable, often for military reasons.
Define prejudice.
A negative generalization about a group of people based on uninformed judgments.
What factor contributed to Britain’s decision to deport the Acadians?
The strategic position of Acadia, which could draw the region into conflict if France and Britain went to war.
What was the religious and linguistic background of the Acadians?
The Acadians were Catholic and spoke French.
How long had the Acadians lived under British rule before 1755?
More than forty years, since 1713.
In 1755, what was the population of Acadians compared to British settlers?
12,000 Acadian settlers and 6,000 British settlers; Acadians outnumbered the British two to one.
What promise did the Acadians make regarding their involvement in a war?
They promised to remain neutral.
What does the Acadians’ refusal to promise to fight against France suggest about their identity?
It suggests that they identified more with their French heritage than with British culture.
True or False: The British assumed they could trust the Acadians because they were loyal subjects.
False.
What year did fighting break out between Britain and France over the Ohio Valley?
1754
This conflict was part of the broader Seven Years’ War.
In what year did the Seven Years’ War expand to a global conflict?
1756
Britain aimed to destroy the French navy and establish worldwide dominance.
