3: The British in North America Flashcards
What economic system did many imperial powers from Europe use to grow powerful?
Mercantilism
Mercantilism focused on accumulating wealth through trade, particularly by exploiting colonial resources.
How did mercantilism allow an imperial country to become rich?
By selling resources taken from its colonies
This system enabled countries to accumulate gold and silver.
What resources were mentioned as bringing wealth to the home country?
- Fish
- Furs
- Wood
- Iron ore
These resources were abundant in the colonies and crucial for trade.
What advantage did the home country have with unlimited access to colonial resources?
It no longer had to pay to get them from other countries
This led to reduced costs and increased profits.
What could the imperial country do with resources it did not need?
Sell them to other countries in exchange for gold and silver
This practice further enriched the imperial power.
Which imperial power is examined as an example of mercantilism?
Britain
Britain utilized the mercantile system through its colonies in North America.
What was Britain’s goal in using the mercantile system through its colonies?
To obtain everything it needed to become rich and powerful
The strategy aimed at self-sufficiency and wealth accumulation.
Fill in the blank: Mercantilism allowed imperial countries to grow powerful by accumulating _______.
gold and silver
These precious metals were the primary measure of wealth in mercantilist economies.
True or False: The mercantile system encouraged imperial powers to rely on other nations for resources.
False
The system was designed to minimize reliance on external resources.
What was the primary belief of European imperial powers regarding empires?
An empire was the path to wealth and power.
Who was the first English explorer to attempt building a colony in North America?
Walter Raleigh
What year did Walter Raleigh first attempt to build a colony in North America?
1585
What happened to Walter Raleigh’s first attempt to establish a colony?
It failed.
What was the outcome of Walter Raleigh’s second attempt to build a colony in North America?
It failed too.
Fill in the blank: The British built colonies in America to expand their _______.
empire
True or False: Walter Raleigh was successful in his first and second attempts to establish a colony in North America.
False
What was a significant reason for the British to colonize America?
To gain wealth and power.
Why was it important for Britain to build colonies in America?
To enhance the economy, compete with Spain and France, improve quality of life, and provide religious freedom
These factors motivated Britain to establish colonies as a means to gain wealth and power.
What economic reason drove Britain to establish colonies in America?
To make money similar to France, Spain, and Portugal
These countries had profited significantly from their colonies in the Americas.
What was a key competitive reason for establishing colonies?
To prevent Spain and France from becoming more powerful
Britain aimed to expand its own empire and influence.
How did overcrowding in British cities influence colonial expansion?
Colonies provided a place to resettle people
This was essential for alleviating the population pressures in Britain.
Which religious groups sought freedom in the American colonies?
Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists
These groups faced persecution in Britain due to their beliefs.
What was King James I’s concern regarding the establishment of colonies?
The cost of setting up the colonies
He was worried about the financial implications for the government.
In what year did King James I begin granting permission for private groups to set up colonies?
1607
This marked a significant step in the establishment of British colonies in North America.
Fill in the blank: Many religious groups in Britain were treated badly because of their _______.
[beliefs]
Why was it important for Britain to build colonies in America?
To enhance the economy, compete with Spain and France, improve quality of life, and provide religious freedom
These factors motivated Britain to establish colonies as a means to gain wealth and power.
What economic reason drove Britain to establish colonies in America?
To make money similar to France, Spain, and Portugal
These countries had profited significantly from their colonies in the Americas.
What was a key competitive reason for establishing colonies?
To prevent Spain and France from becoming more powerful
Britain aimed to expand its own empire and influence.
How did overcrowding in British cities influence colonial expansion?
Colonies provided a place to resettle people
This was essential for alleviating the population pressures in Britain.
Which religious groups sought freedom in the American colonies?
Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists
These groups faced persecution in Britain due to their beliefs.
What was King James I’s concern regarding the establishment of colonies?
The cost of setting up the colonies
He was worried about the financial implications for the government.
In what year did King James I begin granting permission for private groups to set up colonies?
1607
This marked a significant step in the establishment of British colonies in North America.
Fill in the blank: Many religious groups in Britain were treated badly because of their _______.
[beliefs]
What were the Thirteen Colonies?
13 separate colonies established by Britain along the eastern coast of present-day United States
The colonies were known collectively as New England.
What was the economy of Virginia primarily based on?
Growing tobacco
Tobacco was very popular in Europe and drove the demand in Virginia.
What role did the demand for tobacco play in Virginia?
It was similar to the role of furs in New France
Both commodities were crucial for the economies of their respective colonies.
Who founded the colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts?
The Pilgrims
The Pilgrims sought a place to practice their religion freely.
What were some economic activities of early settlers in New England?
Clearing farms, raising cattle, and fishing
These activities supported the livelihoods of the settlers.
True or False: New France and the Thirteen Colonies were founded at the same time.
True
Both regions were established during the early colonial period.
Why did England’s colonies grow more quickly than New France?
Various factors contributed to the faster growth of England’s colonies
Specific reasons are not detailed, but could include migration patterns and economic opportunities.
Fill in the blank: The Pilgrims came to America in search of a _______.
place where they could practise their religion freely.
What was the geographic location of the Thirteen Colonies?
Eastern coast of present-day United States
This area is significant in the history of American colonization.
What was the primary economic activity in the early economy of New France?
The fur trade
The fur trade was the main economic activity due to the demand for thick furs.
What climate characteristics defined the SwenC Valley and Acadia?
Extreme winters and long, cold conditions
The climate made it harder for people to live comfortably.
Which group had the monopoly over trade opportunities in New France?
Only French Catholics
They dominated trade and other economic opportunities.
What did Britain aim to gain by establishing settlements in the colonies?
Military and economic advantage
The British invested heavily to compete with other imperial countries.
True or False: New France was allowed to trade with any country.
False
New France could only trade within France.
What was the climate like in the southern colonies?
Mild
This climate allowed farms to flourish year-round.
List three economic activities of the British colonies.
- Farming
- Fishing
- Logging
These activities were crucial to the economies of the British colonies.
Fill in the blank: The British invested a lot of money in their _______ overseas.
colonies
This investment was aimed at establishing a presence and influence.
What were the American colonies primarily focused on collecting?
Furs, timber, fish, and metal
These resources were essential to the colonial economy.
What was the impact of the climate on the lifestyle of people in New France?
Life was harder due to extreme weather conditions
The long winters affected daily living and economic activities.
What was the advantage of the French preference for certain furs?
Thick furs
These were preferred in trade, impacting the types of animals hunted.
What was the relationship between the British colonies and the French in terms of trade?
Competitive
The British sought to outmaneuver the French economically.
What was the primary economic activity in the early economy of New France?
The fur trade
The fur trade was the main economic activity due to the demand for thick furs.
What climate characteristics defined the SwenC Valley and Acadia?
Extreme winters and long, cold conditions
The climate made it harder for people to live comfortably.
Which group had the monopoly over trade opportunities in New France?
Only French Catholics
They dominated trade and other economic opportunities.
What did Britain aim to gain by establishing settlements in the colonies?
Military and economic advantage
The British invested heavily to compete with other imperial countries.
True or False: New France was allowed to trade with any country.
False
New France could only trade within France.
What was the climate like in the southern colonies?
Mild
This climate allowed farms to flourish year-round.
List three economic activities of the British colonies.
- Farming
- Fishing
- Logging
These activities were crucial to the economies of the British colonies.
Fill in the blank: The British invested a lot of money in their _______ overseas.
colonies
This investment was aimed at establishing a presence and influence.
What were the American colonies primarily focused on collecting?
Furs, timber, fish, and metal
These resources were essential to the colonial economy.
What was the impact of the climate on the lifestyle of people in New France?
Life was harder due to extreme weather conditions
The long winters affected daily living and economic activities.
What was the advantage of the French preference for certain furs?
Thick furs
These were preferred in trade, impacting the types of animals hunted.
What was the relationship between the British colonies and the French in terms of trade?
Competitive
The British sought to outmaneuver the French economically.
Who was John Cabot?
John Cabot, called Giovanni Caboto in his native language, was an explorer who claimed Newfoundland for Britain.
What was the primary interest of the British in Newfoundland?
The British were primarily interested in fishing, not in establishing colonies.
Why was fish an important food staple in Europe?
Fish was important due to the Church’s prohibition on eating meat on certain days of the week, especially in Catholic countries.
What did John Cabot discover about the fish stocks in Newfoundland?
News about the fish stocks spread quickly among the fishing fleets of Europe, leading to increased fishing activity.
What challenges did the British face in Newfoundland?
The British faced challenges such as harsh climate and poor soil for farming.
True or False: The British were interested in building settlements in Newfoundland.
False.
What did most fishermen do while fishing in Newfoundland?
Most fishermen stayed on board their ships and went ashore only to dry their catch.
Fill in the blank: The British were not interested in building settlements in Newfoundland because the climate was too _______ and the soil was not good for _______.
harsh; farming.
What led to competition among fishing fleets in Newfoundland?
Competition arose to secure the best harbors for drying stations as the fishery grew.
What did some crew members begin to do as the fishing season progressed?
Some crew members began staying behind for the winter to guard the drying sites.
What event marked the beginning of British newcomers’ growth in Newfoundland?
The king granted captains permission to build fishing villages on the coast
This marked the start of significant British settlement in the region.
In what year did the king appoint a governor for Newfoundland?
1729
This appointment signified Newfoundland’s transition from a fishing station to a recognized colony.
What was the primary purpose of the fishing villages in Newfoundland initially?
To serve as a fishing station
The villages were established primarily for fishing activities before evolving into a colony.
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland was evolving from a _______ into a colony.
fishing station
This evolution reflects the changing economic and political significance of Newfoundland.
True or False: The appointment of a governor in 1729 indicated that Britain was ignoring Newfoundland.
False
The appointment of a governor was a clear indication that Britain was acknowledging and taking control of Newfoundland.
What event marked the beginning of British newcomers’ growth in Newfoundland?
The king granted captains permission to build fishing villages on the coast
This marked the start of significant British settlement in the region.
In what year did the king appoint a governor for Newfoundland?
1729
This appointment signified Newfoundland’s transition from a fishing station to a recognized colony.
What was the primary purpose of the fishing villages in Newfoundland initially?
To serve as a fishing station
The villages were established primarily for fishing activities before evolving into a colony.
Fill in the blank: Newfoundland was evolving from a _______ into a colony.
fishing station
This evolution reflects the changing economic and political significance of Newfoundland.
True or False: The appointment of a governor in 1729 indicated that Britain was ignoring Newfoundland.
False
The appointment of a governor was a clear indication that Britain was acknowledging and taking control of Newfoundland.
