Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. Elliot Social 7 50% > 9: Growth in the West > Flashcards

9: Growth in the West Flashcards

1
Q

What are natural resources?

A

Natural resources are the parts of nature that people can use, including fish, land, trees, furs, water, oil, and minerals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did First Nations use natural resources after first contact?

A

First Nations and newcomers used these resources to meet their needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of natural resources are abundant in Canada?

A

Canada is rich in natural resources such as timber, oil, gas, and agricultural products like wheat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some consequences of using natural resources in Canada?

A

Our use of natural resources can harm the environment but also creates many jobs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How have natural resources influenced settlement patterns in Canada?

A

Natural resources have affected where people chose to live, such as First Nations on Canada’s Northwest Coast choosing to live near salmon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fill in the blank: Canadians cut down trees to make _______.

A

timber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fill in the blank: We drill for oil and gas to heat our homes and _______.

A

fuel our cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: The use of natural resources in Canada has only positive effects.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was a reason for the First Nations’ choice of location on the Northwest Coast?

A

They chose to live there for access to salmon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did Canadians export resources such as fish to China?

A

To meet the demands of international markets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the primary importance of land as a natural resource?

A

It is the place where we live and provides essential resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which groups initially utilized the land’s resources in Canada?

A

First Nations peoples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After Confederation, what did newcomers primarily seek in Canada?

A

Land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What significant construction did the Canadian government undertake to facilitate immigration and farming in the West?

A

A railway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fill in the blank: The land has value because it provides _______.

A

resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: The government of Canada sought to gain control of land for newcomers.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What types of resources did First Nations peoples make use of from the land?

A

Water, plants, and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What agricultural products were mentioned as being produced on the land after it was utilized by newcomers?

A

Cattle and grain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What era did thousands of newcomers begin arriving in the West after?

A

After Confederation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is one key learning objective in this chapter?

A

Understanding how the Canadian government managed land for newcomers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is essential for a country to be considered a country?

A

Land

A country cannot exist without having territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Canada seek to secure in the West?

A

Its claim to the land before American occupation

This was crucial for Canada’s territorial integrity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

From whom did the Canadian government purchase Rupert’s Land?

A

The Hudson’s Bay Company

This purchase occurred in 1869.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What was the expectation for the North West Territories?

A

To be home to thousands of successful farm families

This vision required the government to control the land first.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did the Canadian government do to gain control of the land?

A

Signed treaties with the First Nations

These agreements were crucial for establishing governance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What police force was established to maintain order in Western Canada?

A

The North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

This force aimed to ensure safety for settlers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was a common issue in the American West that Canada aimed to avoid?

A

Violence

Canada intended to take a different approach through law enforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What did the Canadian government need to determine before giving land to settlers?

A

The exact land it had

This was necessary for proper land allocation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the designated border west of the Great Lakes?

A

The 49th parallel

This border was established in the early 1870s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who helped mark the boundary between American and Canadian territories?

A

Métis guides, American and British surveyors

Their collaboration was essential for accurate border demarcation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did surveyors do every 1.6 kilometers along the border?

A

Planted an iron post in the ground

This was part of the process to mark the territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was built every 5 kilometers along the border?

A

A low mound of earth

These markers indicated the limits of Canadian territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

True or False: The marking of the border was a straightforward process with no challenges.

A

False

The process required careful measurement and collaboration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is essential for a country to be considered a country?

A

Land

A country cannot exist without having territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What did Canada seek to secure in the West?

A

Its claim to the land before American occupation

This was crucial for Canada’s territorial integrity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

From whom did the Canadian government purchase Rupert’s Land?

A

The Hudson’s Bay Company

This purchase occurred in 1869.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What was the expectation for the North West Territories?

A

To be home to thousands of successful farm families

This vision required the government to control the land first.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What did the Canadian government do to gain control of the land?

A

Signed treaties with the First Nations

These agreements were crucial for establishing governance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What police force was established to maintain order in Western Canada?

A

The North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

This force aimed to ensure safety for settlers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What was a common issue in the American West that Canada aimed to avoid?

A

Violence

Canada intended to take a different approach through law enforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What did the Canadian government need to determine before giving land to settlers?

A

The exact land it had

This was necessary for proper land allocation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What was the designated border west of the Great Lakes?

A

The 49th parallel

This border was established in the early 1870s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Who helped mark the boundary between American and Canadian territories?

A

Métis guides, American and British surveyors

Their collaboration was essential for accurate border demarcation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What did surveyors do every 1.6 kilometers along the border?

A

Planted an iron post in the ground

This was part of the process to mark the territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What was built every 5 kilometers along the border?

A

A low mound of earth

These markers indicated the limits of Canadian territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

True or False: The marking of the border was a straightforward process with no challenges.

A

False

The process required careful measurement and collaboration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What geographical feature rises up from the flat prairie in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta?

A

The Cypress Hills

The Cypress Hills are a significant geographical landmark in Canada.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which Indigenous groups hunted game animals in the Cypress Hills?

A
  • Cree
  • Nakoda
  • Siksika

These groups utilized the area for hunting and gathering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What did the Indigenous peoples cut pine trees for in the Cypress Hills?

A

To make poles for their lodges and tipis

The use of natural resources was essential for shelter construction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Who else, besides Indigenous peoples, lived in the Cypress Hills during the 1860s?

A

Métis hunters and traders

The Métis played an important role in the region’s economy and culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What nickname was given to the Cypress Hills area during the 1860s?

A

Whoop-Up Country

The name was associated with whiskey trading activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Why was the area known as Whoop-Up Country?

A

Because of whiskey traders, mainly from the United States

The influx of traders influenced the social and economic dynamics of the region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What geographical feature rises up from the flat prairie in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta?

A

The Cypress Hills

The Cypress Hills are a significant geographical landmark in Canada.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Which Indigenous groups hunted game animals in the Cypress Hills?

A
  • Cree
  • Nakoda
  • Siksika

These groups utilized the area for hunting and gathering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What did the Indigenous peoples cut pine trees for in the Cypress Hills?

A

To make poles for their lodges and tipis

The use of natural resources was essential for shelter construction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Who else, besides Indigenous peoples, lived in the Cypress Hills during the 1860s?

A

Métis hunters and traders

The Métis played an important role in the region’s economy and culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What nickname was given to the Cypress Hills area during the 1860s?

A

Whoop-Up Country

The name was associated with whiskey trading activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Why was the area known as Whoop-Up Country?

A

Because of whiskey traders, mainly from the United States

The influx of traders influenced the social and economic dynamics of the region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What illegal activity did outlaws engage in while crossing into Canada?

A

Trading liquor for furs and buffalo robes

Selling liquor was illegal, but enforcement was lacking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What were the wolf hunters in Whoop-Up Country called?

A

Wolfers

They hunted wolves by poisoning carcasses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What did wolfers use to kill wolves?

A

Poison in carcasses

This method also harmed local dogs belonging to First Nations people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What was one way First Nations people retaliated against wolfers?

A

Taking their horses

This reflects the conflict between wolfers and First Nations people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Why was a new police force created in Whoop-Up Country?

A

To address the violent way of life

Prime Minister Macdonald recognized the need for law enforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What was the name of the new police force established?

A

North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

This force aimed to show U.S. control and protect Aboriginal peoples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What were some of the roles of the North West Mounted Police?

A
  • Show the United States that Canada controlled the territory
  • Shield Aboriginal peoples from American outlaws
  • Help newcomers adjust to the frontier
  • Keep peace between First Nations and newcomers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What event in June 1875 highlighted the need for law and order in the West?

A

An incident involving the Nakoda people and American settlers

Americans mistakenly believed that the Nakoda had stolen their horses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What was Prime Minister Macdonald’s goal regarding violence in the Canadian West?

A

To avoid violence similar to that in the United States

He aimed to ensure peaceful Canadian occupation of the land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

True or False: The NWMP was intended to enforce the law and maintain peace.

A

True

Macdonald believed this was essential for Canadian occupation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What illegal activity did outlaws engage in while crossing into Canada?

A

Trading liquor for furs and buffalo robes

Selling liquor was illegal, but enforcement was lacking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What were the wolf hunters in Whoop-Up Country called?

A

Wolfers

They hunted wolves by poisoning carcasses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What did wolfers use to kill wolves?

A

Poison in carcasses

This method also harmed local dogs belonging to First Nations people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What was one way First Nations people retaliated against wolfers?

A

Taking their horses

This reflects the conflict between wolfers and First Nations people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Why was a new police force created in Whoop-Up Country?

A

To address the violent way of life

Prime Minister Macdonald recognized the need for law enforcement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What was the name of the new police force established?

A

North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

This force aimed to show U.S. control and protect Aboriginal peoples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What were some of the roles of the North West Mounted Police?

A
  • Show the United States that Canada controlled the territory
  • Shield Aboriginal peoples from American outlaws
  • Help newcomers adjust to the frontier
  • Keep peace between First Nations and newcomers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What event in June 1875 highlighted the need for law and order in the West?

A

An incident involving the Nakoda people and American settlers

Americans mistakenly believed that the Nakoda had stolen their horses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What was Prime Minister Macdonald’s goal regarding violence in the Canadian West?

A

To avoid violence similar to that in the United States

He aimed to ensure peaceful Canadian occupation of the land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

True or False: The NWMP was intended to enforce the law and maintain peace.

A

True

Macdonald believed this was essential for Canadian occupation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What event occurred on 1 June 1873 that highlighted the need for law and order in the West?

A

The Cypress Hills Massacre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Who were camped near Farwell’s and Solomon’s Trading Posts at the time of the Cypress Hills Massacre?

A

The Nakoda people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What did the group of American wolfers mistakenly believe about the Nakoda people?

A

That the Nakoda had stolen their horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

How many Nakoda men, women, and children were murdered during the Cypress Hills Massacre?

A

As many as 36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What was the immediate response of Macdonald upon hearing news of the Cypress Hills Massacre?

A

He prioritized getting the North West Mounted Police to the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What year did the Great March West occur?

A

In July 1874

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

How many mounted police headed west in the caravan during the Great March West?

A

300

86
Q

Fill in the blank: The Cypress Hills Massacre revealed the West’s need for _______.

A

law and order

87
Q

What types of transportation were used by the mounted police during the Great March West?

A

Ox carts, horses, and wagons

88
Q

True or False: The Nakoda people were guilty of stealing the wolfers’ horses.

A

False

89
Q

What was the outcome of the Great March?

A

It turned into a fiasco with low food supplies and lost direction.

Local Métis guides had to rescue the expedition.

90
Q

What happened to the horses during the Great March?

A

They died for lack of water.

91
Q

What two forts did part of the police establish south of the Great March?

A
  • Fort Macleod
  • Fort Walsh
92
Q

Where did another group of the police go from the Great March?

A

They went north to Fort Edmonton.

93
Q

What was Calgary known as before it became a city?

A

Fort Brisebois.

94
Q

What was the primary task of the North West Mounted Police?

A

To make life in the territory peaceful.

95
Q

Name three tasks performed by the Mounted Police.

A
  • Cleared out whiskey traders
  • Arrested lawbreakers
  • Delivered the mail
96
Q

True or False: The Mounted Police fought grass fires and assisted new farmers.

A

True.

97
Q

In which uprising did the Mounted Police participate in 1885?

A

The second Métis Uprising.

98
Q

What is the significance of Fort Walsh?

A

It was an NWMP post built during the establishment of police presence in the West.

99
Q

What was the new policy proposed by Prime Minister Macdonald for Canada?

A

The National Policy

The National Policy aimed to facilitate the growth and development of Canada.

100
Q

What three things did Canada need to effectively use the land resources in the West?

A
  • A transportation system to reach the resources
  • A population to harvest the resources
  • An economy to nurture the new resource industry

These three components were essential for the National Policy’s success.

101
Q

What are the three parts of the National Policy?

A
  • A transportation policy to build a railway across the continent
  • An immigration policy to encourage farmers to populate Western Canada
  • An economic policy to build a strong national economy for Canadians

Each part aimed to address specific needs for the growth of Canada.

102
Q

What was the main goal of building the transcontinental railway in the 1870s?

A

To bring British Columbia into Confederation and keep Americans out

This was a strategic move to strengthen Canada’s unity and territorial integrity.

103
Q

What challenges did builders face while constructing the railway?

A
  • Crossing thousands of kilometres of forested wilderness
  • Filling swamps
  • Blasting rock
  • Building bridges across raging rivers

The construction of the railway was a monumental task due to Canada’s vast geography.

104
Q

What route was initially considered for the railway before the final decision?

A

A northerly route from Winnipeg to Edmonton

This route would have crossed the Rockies through the Yellowhead Pass.

105
Q

What advantages did the final southern route of the railway provide?

A
  • The land was flatter and had fewer trees
  • Coal deposits near Lethbridge, Alberta, provided fuel for steam engines
  • The route was closer to the border, encouraging use of the Canadian railway over the American one

These factors made the southern route more practical for construction.

106
Q

Fill in the blank: The railway had to cross thousands of kilometres of _______ and prairie grassland.

A

forested wilderness

This highlights the geographical challenges faced during railway construction.

107
Q

True or False: The construction of the railway was an easy task due to Canada’s small size.

A

False

Canada is the second largest country in the world by land area, making the task monumental.

108
Q

What did the railway company control in the south?

A

Most of the land and profits from its sale

109
Q

What did scientists incorrectly report about the southern prairies?

A

They were well suited for farming

110
Q

How was the railway built?

A

In stages by a private company raising money from investors

111
Q

What was the average cost of laying one kilometer of track in the nineteenth century?

A

Half a million dollars

112
Q

What challenges did work crews face during railway construction?

A

Summer heat with mosquitoes and winter cold

113
Q

What type of living conditions did work crews endure?

A

Dark, smoky bunkhouses with piles of hay infested with fleas and rats

114
Q

What were typical meals for the railway workers?

A

Salt pork, corned beef, molasses, and tea

115
Q

What was one major impact of the railway on Canada?

A

Brought many newcomers who changed the face of the prairies forever

116
Q

Fill in the blank: The railway was built with the help of _______ from the government.

A

Grants

117
Q

True or False: The railway construction was a comfortable experience for the workers.

A

False

118
Q

What was the maximum distance of track laid by crews in a day?

A

Up to 50 kilometers

119
Q

What was the second part of the National Policy focused on?

A

Immigration to farm the land

120
Q

What role did agriculture play in the growth of Western Canada?

A

It became the backbone of a new Canadian West

121
Q

In which decades did the earliest immigrant groups arrive in Western Canada?

A

The 1870s and 1880s

122
Q

What did the government do before new farmers arrived in the West?

A

Surveyed the land

123
Q

What were the large chunks of land called that surveyors divided the land into?

A

Townships

124
Q

How many squares does each township consist of?

A

36 squares

125
Q

What is the size of each quarter section in acres?

A

160 acres

126
Q

True or False: The surveyors followed established farm borders when measuring land.

A

False

127
Q

What was set aside in each township to pay for schools?

A

Two sections

128
Q

Which company had sections of land that were left over from earlier agreements?

A

Hudson’s Bay Company

129
Q

Fill in the blank: Each township was divided into 36 squares called _______.

A

[sections]

130
Q

What were the quarter sections used for in the survey method?

A

Marking off land for farming

131
Q

What was the significance of the new farming communities in Western Canada?

A

They contributed to the growth and development of the region

132
Q

What was the second part of the National Policy focused on?

A

Immigration to farm the land

133
Q

What role did agriculture play in the growth of Western Canada?

A

It became the backbone of a new Canadian West

134
Q

In which decades did the earliest immigrant groups arrive in Western Canada?

A

The 1870s and 1880s

135
Q

What did the government do before new farmers arrived in the West?

A

Surveyed the land

136
Q

What were the large chunks of land called that surveyors divided the land into?

A

Townships

137
Q

How many squares does each township consist of?

A

36 squares

138
Q

What is the size of each quarter section in acres?

A

160 acres

139
Q

True or False: The surveyors followed established farm borders when measuring land.

A

False

140
Q

What was set aside in each township to pay for schools?

A

Two sections

141
Q

Which company had sections of land that were left over from earlier agreements?

A

Hudson’s Bay Company

142
Q

Fill in the blank: Each township was divided into 36 squares called _______.

A

[sections]

143
Q

What were the quarter sections used for in the survey method?

A

Marking off land for farming

144
Q

What was the significance of the new farming communities in Western Canada?

A

They contributed to the growth and development of the region

145
Q

What was the purpose of the Dominion Lands Act passed in 1872?

A

It allowed any head of a family or any male at least 21 years old to apply for land.

146
Q

What is a homestead as defined by the Dominion Lands Act?

A

A quarter section of land that cost only $10.

147
Q

Who could apply for a homestead after 1882?

A

Women could apply as well.

148
Q

What were the three promises required from each homestead applicant?

A
  • Live on the land for at least six months of the year
  • Build a house
  • After three years, keep the land if the terms were met.
149
Q

True or False: The majority of new arrivals were wealthy and could easily afford supplies.

A

False

150
Q

What challenges did new arrivals face according to the text?

A
  • Difficulty affording seed
  • Lack of farm tools
  • Inability to buy livestock
  • Insufficient materials to build houses
151
Q

Fill in the blank: The government passed the _______ in 1872 to facilitate land acquisition.

A

Dominion Lands Act

152
Q

What was the cost of acquiring a homestead under the Dominion Lands Act?

A

$10

153
Q

What could happen to crops due to natural factors mentioned in the text?

A

Crops could be ruined by storms or early frost.

154
Q

Where did the earliest newcomers to the North-West Territories come from?

A

Ontario

155
Q

What was the reason for the government campaign to attract newcomers to the North-West Territories?

A

To sell the West

156
Q

What nickname did Manitoba earn due to the influx of Ontarians during the 1870s?

A

New Ontaria

157
Q

Why did many Ontarians move to Manitoba in the 1870s?

A

Farmland was scarce in Ontario; land in the West was plentiful.

158
Q

What was the situation regarding land in Quebec during the same period?

A

Land was also scarce in Quebec.

159
Q

Where did Canadiens typically travel for jobs instead of moving West?

A

New England

160
Q

What is a key belief of the Mennonites regarding warfare?

A

They do not believe in fighting wars.

161
Q

Why were the Mennonites invited to move to Canada?

A

To avoid serving in the Russian army and to practice their religion.

162
Q

What type of farming did the Mennonites practice in Canada?

A

Collective farming

163
Q

Where did the first group of Mennonites settle in Canada?

A

Southeast of Winnipeg

164
Q

Approximately how many Mennonites moved to Canada?

A

7000

165
Q

What agricultural skill were the Mennonites effective at in Canada?

A

Breaking the prairie sod

166
Q

Fill in the blank: The first newcomers to the North-West Territories were primarily from _______.

A

Ontario

167
Q

True or False: The government agents tried to convince Canadiens to move West.

A

False

168
Q

What event in March 1875 significantly impacted Icelandic farmers?

A

The Askja volcano erupted, causing volcanic ash to poison the land and kill cattle

This disaster led to a wave of immigration from Iceland to Canada.

169
Q

What type of boats did Icelandic immigrants use to travel over Lake Winnipeg?

A

Wooden boats called scows

These boats were used during their dangerous journey to Canada.

170
Q

In what year did the first group of Icelandic immigrants arrive in Canada?

A

1875

171
Q

What was the name given to the lands where Icelandic immigrants settled in Canada?

A

New Iceland

172
Q

What does the name ‘Gimli’ mean in the context of the Icelandic community?

A

Paradise

173
Q

What were the conditions like for newcomers in New Iceland?

A

Harsh climate, floods, starvation, and smallpox epidemic

Many immigrants faced severe hardships which led to some leaving the area.

174
Q

What did the Canadian government provide to the Icelandic immigrants?

A

Nearly 800 square kilometres of land

175
Q

What freedoms were granted to the Icelandic immigrants in Canada?

A

The freedom to speak their language, keep their customs, and make their own laws

176
Q

In what year did Manitoba absorb New Iceland?

A

1881

177
Q

Where did some Icelandic immigrants who left New Iceland settle in Alberta?

A

Near Red Deer, in a community called Markerville

178
Q

True or False: The Icelandic immigrants’ journey to Canada was described as safe and easy.

A

False

179
Q

Fill in the blank: Many refugees from the volcanic disaster in Iceland led to _______.

A

Canada

180
Q

What event in March 1875 significantly impacted Icelandic farmers?

A

The Askja volcano erupted, causing volcanic ash to poison the land and kill cattle

This disaster led to a wave of immigration from Iceland to Canada.

181
Q

What type of boats did Icelandic immigrants use to travel over Lake Winnipeg?

A

Wooden boats called scows

These boats were used during their dangerous journey to Canada.

182
Q

In what year did the first group of Icelandic immigrants arrive in Canada?

A

1875

183
Q

What was the name given to the lands where Icelandic immigrants settled in Canada?

A

New Iceland

184
Q

What does the name ‘Gimli’ mean in the context of the Icelandic community?

A

Paradise

185
Q

What were the conditions like for newcomers in New Iceland?

A

Harsh climate, floods, starvation, and smallpox epidemic

Many immigrants faced severe hardships which led to some leaving the area.

186
Q

What did the Canadian government provide to the Icelandic immigrants?

A

Nearly 800 square kilometres of land

187
Q

What freedoms were granted to the Icelandic immigrants in Canada?

A

The freedom to speak their language, keep their customs, and make their own laws

188
Q

In what year did Manitoba absorb New Iceland?

A

1881

189
Q

Where did some Icelandic immigrants who left New Iceland settle in Alberta?

A

Near Red Deer, in a community called Markerville

190
Q

True or False: The Icelandic immigrants’ journey to Canada was described as safe and easy.

A

False

191
Q

Fill in the blank: Many refugees from the volcanic disaster in Iceland led to _______.

A

Canada

192
Q

What was the third part of the National Policy?

A

To build a strong economy

This involved focusing on farming in the West as crucial to the Canadian economy.

193
Q

How did the National Policy strengthen the Canadian economy?

A

By boosting manufacturing in the East and creating jobs

The government aimed to enhance farming and other industries.

194
Q

What strategy did the government use to boost the economy?

A

Tariffs

The success of this strategy was mixed among Canadians.

195
Q

Why did Canadian manufacturers in the East face problems?

A

Competition from American businesses

American goods were produced in vast quantities, keeping unit costs low.

196
Q

What was the effect of American goods on Canadian producers?

A

Canadians worried they would buy less expensive US goods

This concern was justified as American goods were cheaper.

197
Q

What is a protective tariff?

A

A tax placed on a product crossing the border

This tax raises the cost of imported goods.

198
Q

What was the specific action taken by Macdonald regarding tariffs?

A

He put a tariff on goods coming into Canada

For example, a tariff of $20 on imported ploughs.

199
Q

Fill in the blank: The purpose of the tariff was to make American goods _______ than Canadian goods.

A

more expensive

200
Q

True or False: The National Policy included measures to increase trade between the colonies.

A

True

One of the reasons for Confederation was to enhance inter-colonial trade.

201
Q

What was one way the government aimed to make trade possible after Confederation?

A

Creating the railway

This infrastructure was essential for facilitating trade.

202
Q

What was the impact of the tariff on the price of products?

A

It made imported products more expensive

This aimed to encourage Canadians to buy domestic goods instead.

203
Q

What is a characteristic of a diverse economy?

A

A diverse economy has many types of industry, allowing other industries to keep the country healthy if one is suffering.

204
Q

What significant change occurred in the North-West Territories in the late nineteenth century?

A

New arrivals from Europe and Eastern Canada began farming the land, leading to grain replacing furs as the chief export.

205
Q

What replaced the traditional methods of transportation in the North-West Territories?

A

The railway replaced the canoe and the Red River cart.

206
Q

What transformation occurred in trading posts during this period?

A

Trading posts changed into bustling business centres for farms.

207
Q

What challenges did the First Nations and Metis face during the late nineteenth century?

A

They faced neglect from the government and unfriendliness from many newcomers.

208
Q

By 1891, what was the population of Manitoba and the North-West Territories?

A

The population was 281,000, more than double what it had been 10 years earlier.

209
Q

How many First Nations people were included in the 1891 population figure?

A

The population included 80,000 First Nations people.

210
Q

True or False: The growth in population by 1891 was as rapid as the government had hoped.

A

False.

211
Q

Fill in the blank: The changes in the North-West Territories were ______ but steady.

A

slow

1. Elliot Social 7 50% (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions