OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA FOR VAGINAL DELIVERY + Vaginal manipulation D&C

Question 1

Where a complicated correction or fetotomy is
required, it is best to use general anaesthesia,
preferably in a veterinary hospital t/f?

Answer 1

t

Question 2

it is relatively easy to place the mare
in dorsal or lateral recumbency with the use of?

Answer 2

hobble/hoist

Question 3

elevation of the forelimbs will
allow the foal to fall back into the uterus in the
abdomen under the influence of gravity, t/f?

Answer 3

f - hindlimbs dapat

Question 4

in cattle a single injection affects these 2 nerves

affecting the ___, __,__,__

Answer 4

coccygeal and
posterior sacral nerves

anus, perineum, vulva and
vagina

Question 5

abolishing pelvic sensation, reflex abdominal contraction (‘straining’) is prevented. t/f?

4 benefits

Answer 5

t

intravaginal manipulations are facilitated,

retropulsion is made easier,

fetal fluid supplements are retained

defaecation is suspended

Question 6

Cow: The epidural anaesthesia is useful whenever : 4 indications

Answer 6

straining is troublesome

uterus, vagina, rectum, bladder prolapse

episiotomy

suturing vulva or perineum

Question 7

epidural anesthesia also inhibits myometrial contractions and has an effect in third stage of
labour or uterine involution

Answer 7

f - NO EFFECT

Question 8

site of injection for epidural injection in CATTLE

Answer 8

middle of the first intercoccygeal space

(sacrococcygeal
space can also be used; however, it is smaller than
the first coccygeal space and in some older cows
becomes ossified.)

Question 9

in cattle, Some inject a small volume of
local anaesthetic using a fine needle to desensitise
the skin over the injection site; others do not. t/f

Answer 9

t

Question 10

in cattle:
gauge of needle and how long (Cm)

is inserted into the middle of the space at what angle?

Answer 10

18G 5 cm

right angle

Question 11

some insert it in these angle

Answer 11

10^o from the vertical

Question 12

there is no resistance to injection, the needle
point is in the epidural space t.f

Answer 12

t

Question 13

cattle: Within ___ minutes of the injection the
tail becomes limp,

but it takes a slightly longer time
interval (10-20 minutes) before the ___ is
desensitised and the ____ reflex is completely
abolished.

Answer 13

2

perineum, straining

Question 14

cattle: dose rate of 2% lidocaine

small cows/heifers - how many mL

large cows - how many mL

Answer 14

1.0 ml/100 kg,
injected at a rate of 1 ml
per second will produce obstetric anaesthesia
lasting about 30–150 minute

5 ml
7–10 mL

Question 15

. The addition to the local
anaesthetic of 2% of _____ prolongs the
period of anesthesia

Answer 15

adrenaline

Question 16

cattle: xylazine rate + how long its effects

Answer 16

f 0.05 mg/kg diluted to a volume of
5 ml

3 hours

Question 17

e uterus of both species appears to be
more susceptible to rupture when manipulative
procedures are performed

Answer 17

ewe and doe

Question 18

in sheep and goats, injection site is 1st intercoccygeal vertebrae but not in sacro coccygeal as well t.f

Answer 18

F - 1st inter + sacro pwede

Question 19

s and G: needle and cm

dose of 2% 2% lignocaine
hydrochloride with adrenaline

Answer 19

3.5 cm, 20 gauge needle

1 ml/50 kg body weight

Question 20

comibination of drugs that results in 36 hours of anesthe

Answer 20

1.75 ml
2% lignocaine hydrochloride and

0.25 ml 0.25% xylazine is injected into the epidural space at a dose
rate of 1 ml/50 kg

Question 21

the first
coccygeal interspace is the preferred site in this animal

Answer 21

mare

5 cm cranial to the origin of the tail
hairs

Question 22

small bleb of
local anaesthetic should be injected subcutaneously and into the surrounding tissue over the
site. in what animals?

Answer 22

horse

Question 23

mare: needle gauge and cm

angle of insertion + cm in witdrawing

Answer 23

4–8 cm 18 gauge needle

10° from the vertical and
directed cranially until it strikes the floor of the
spinal canal; it should then be withdrawn 0.5 cm
before the injection is made.

Question 24

2% lignocaine (lidocaine) hydrochloride is effective, using a volume of ___ ml in a
light hunter-type mare weighing 450 kg

Answer 24

6-8

Question 25

large volume in mares causes ____

It also takes longer to take effect
in the horse than the cow t/f

Answer 25

ataxia

T

Question 26

horse:
xylazine
detomidine
dilute where?
2% solutions of lignocaine hydrochloride

rapid-onset (5.3 minutes) and long-lasting (330 minutes)

Answer 26

(0.17 mg/kg)
(60 μg/kg)

10 ml 0.9% saline; the latter is used either
(0.22 mg/kg)

Question 27

pig: indication for epidural anesth

Answer 27

replacing prolapses
of the vagina and uterus;

for a caesarian operation

Question 28

site of onjection for pigs

Answer 28

lumbosacral space

Question 29

pigs: angle of injection

Answer 29

20° caudal to the
perpendicular until it strikes the floor of the vertebral canal. The needle is then withdrawn slightly
and the injection mad

Question 30

pigs: needle gauge and cm

Answer 30

10–15 cm 18 gauge needle for 100kg sow

Question 31

Pig: how mny mL of 2% ligocaine HCl

Answer 31

1.0 ml per 4.5 kg
body weight injected at 1.0 ml per 2–3 seconds
should achieve anaesthesia by 10 minutes - 120 minutes

Question 32

When parts
of the fetus have already passed through the pelvic
inlet, for instance, it is often possible by insinuating finger over the ___ , ____
space or in front of the fetal pelvis in posterior presentations, to apply sufficient traction to draw these
parts into the vulva

Answer 32

occiput

intermaxillary

Question 33

Once
parts of the fetus are in the cervix, traction delivery
is generally simple t/f

Answer 33

F - vulva

also effective in posterior prsntn, ventral position

Question 34

hook the fingers around the
retained limbs and draw them upwards and backwards into the maternal pelvis

Answer 34

breech presentation

Question 35

insert the
finger beneath the fetal chin and, by drawing it
upwards, direct the muzzle in line with the birth
canal

Answer 35

vertex posture

Question 36

fix the position of the
fetus in the uterus by gripping it with the right hand t.f
through the abdominal wall, and to direct the fetus
towards the pelvic inlet

Answer 36

f - left hand