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VMED 155 > CONTUSIONS AND LACERATIONS OF THE BIRTH CANAL AND NEIGHBOURING STRUCTURE > Flashcards

CONTUSIONS AND LACERATIONS OF THE BIRTH CANAL AND NEIGHBOURING STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

___ and ___are more likely to be lacerated
than the dilatable vagina

A

cervix and vulva

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2
Q

The ____
surrounding the vagina of heifers of the beef
breeds makes such animals particularly prone to
vaginal contusion when the fetus is oversized

A

retroperitoneal fat

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3
Q

Infection with ____ is then
probable, and a most severe necrotic vaginitis
ensue

A

Fusiformis necrophorum
(very painful and causes
continuous, exhausting straining and marked toxaemia)

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4
Q

All
vaginal contusions and lacerations should be
treated with mild ____ and antibiotic preparations; parenteral ____should also be
given

A

emollient

antibiotics

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5
Q

Caudal epidural anaesthesia, particularly
when demetodine is used, gives temporary relief from
straining t/f

A

f - xylazine

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6
Q

vagina:
rupture complications

A

peritonitis,
severe pelvic cellulitis with marked toxaemia
straining,
to abscess formation with subsequent vaginal constriction

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7
Q

Lacerations of the cervix may
be sutured by applying _____ to the organ and withdrawing it to the
vulva

A

vulsellum retraction forceps

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8
Q

Mattress sutures of nylon, or other
multifilament, absorbable suture material,
should be used, devitalised tissue, including any
loosely attached portions of adipose tissue, being
first removed t/f

A

F - mono, non abs

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9
Q

If lacerations of the vulva and
perineum are left unsutured, scar tissue formation
and distortion impede the ____ of the
vulva, with consequent aspiration of air, vaginitis
and metritis; a special, and much more difficult,
operation is then required.

A

sphincter action .

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10
Q

In cows, previously unsuspected organising
haematomata of the vagina may suddenly prolapse from the vulva ___ weeks after parturition.

These lesions resemble fibromata and are neoplastic and are easily excised.t/f

A

4-6

f- NOT neoplastic

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11
Q

This is a sequel to contusion of the submucous
tissue during delivery.

A

Haematoma of the vulva

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12
Q

two of the lip of the vulva is
usually affected and an obvious round swelling
occupies the vulva orifice t/f

A

f - one lip

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13
Q

The condition may
arise spontaneously in the cows, but in both cows
and mares it is likely to follow assisted delivery in
which considerable manipulation, or forced traction, was required t/f

A

f - sponty in mares

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14
Q

____ of the vulva may
be confused with prolapse, tumour or cyst of the
vagina

A

hematoma

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15
Q

vulva hematoma: If left untreated, natural resolution usually
occurs within a few weeks with resorption of fluid
and regression of swelling t/f

A

t

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16
Q

vulva hematoma: pyogenic
infection ensues and may be accompanied by
____ and distortion of the vulva, with vaginal
aspiration

A

fibrosis

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17
Q

If left for ___ days after labour the
haematoma may be safely incised and the clot
removed without recurrence of haemorrhage. An
abscess should be opened and drained

A

3 or 4

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18
Q

Serious perineal injuries occur during the ___
stage of labour in both the cow and the mare,
mostly in primiparous animal

A

2nd

(.These injuries may
be classified as first-, second- and third-degree
tears and rectovaginal fistulae)

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19
Q

Many heifers sustain slight tearing of the lower
commissure because of vulval stretching during
normal labour but such lesions heal satisfactorily
by 2nd intention without suturing t/g

A

F - upper comm and 1st intention

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20
Q

(tears that extend deeply into the perineum) Such lesions destroy the sphincteric effect of the
vulva and lead to aspiration of air into the vagina, the integrity of the anus is impaired. as well t/f

A

f - not impaired

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21
Q

With greater stretching and tearing during
the second stage of labour, the wound may extend
into and destroy the anal sphincter, thus creating a
___ through which faeces fall into the terminal
vagina

A

cloaca

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22
Q

epithelial repair is rapid t/f

A

t

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23
Q

Despite rapid
epithelialisation, the abnormal communication
between the terminal rectum and vagina persists,
although its extent may be considerably reduced by
wound_____

A

granulation

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24
Q

uncommon spontaneous injuries to cattle, although they occur as
developmental anomalies in cases of anal atresia

A

simple rectovaginal fistulae

25
Q

result from unsuccessful attempted
closure of a third-degree perineal tear, as in the
mare.

A

simple rectovaginal fistulae

26
Q

in mares, the initial injury is
usually perforation of the vaginal roof by a ___ which may be deflected ___ during
the second stage of labour by a hymeneal rim

As
a result of vigorous sustained straining, the limb is
then likely to perforate the rectum and be forced,
possibly with the fetal head, through the ____ , which in turn may be ruptured

A

fetal forelimb

dorsally

anal orifice

27
Q

e a third-degree
defect is easier to repair surgically than a rectovaginal fistula which would otherwise resu t/f

A

t

28
Q

_____ of the injury may allow
repositioning of the fetal extremities and normal
vaginal delivery, but deliberate incision of the
perineum and anal sphincter is usually expedient
if the rectum is perforated

A

early recognition

29
Q

most
common perineal injury in the mare but rectovaginal fistula formation is still more frequent in
the mare than the cow

A

third-degree tears

30
Q

second-degree
defects are rare in the ___ but not uncommon in
___, simply because of the different mechanisms
of tearing in the two species

A

mares, cows

31
Q

advisable to stitch deep
perineal wounds that have not perforated the anal
sphincter as soon as possible t/f

A

t

32
Q

Third-degree tears
with destruction of the sphincter and rectovaginal
fistulae should be stitched up as well t/f

A

f -
left to heal by granulation and
surgical reconstruction can be undertaken later if
necessary

33
Q

The extent of such defects is considerably reduced by

A

cicatrisation

34
Q

small, oblique fistulae in the mare does not close completely,
but in most cases a significant defect remain t/f

A

f - walang does not

35
Q

The clinical effects of a third-degree defect are
two-fold: continuous ____ of air into the
vagina and contamination of the vaginal lumen with
____ or, worse still, accumulation of ____ in its terminal segment

A

aspiration

fecal fluids

fecal boluses

36
Q

distorting the lumen, may lead to pooling
of urine cranial to the external urethral meatus.

A

pneuomovagina

37
Q

In both
species(cow and mare), therefore, sizeable cloacal lesions result
in ____and affected mares are also aesthetically unsuited for other uses because of perineal
incompetence

A

infertility

38
Q

The few animals that are able
to maintain a normal pregnancy are generally
found to have a caudally sited lesion of very
long diameter t/f

A

f - limited diameter

39
Q

Surgical intervention should be delayed until
all tissue surfaces are covered by _____ and
this usually takes 6 weeks or so

A

epithelium

40
Q

In the mares, the
____r is sometimes everted soon after
the injury occurs , but it is easily
replaced and retained if necessary with sutures.
There is no need for other treatment during the
intervening period except perhaps for_____ prophylaxis in the mare

A

urinary bladder

tetanus

41
Q

Second-degree defects are easily obliterated by
stripping the vaginal mucosa from the normal
level of the upper vulval commissure dorsally on
both sides and suturing the submucosal tissues as
in a ___ operation.

A

caslick

42
Q

For many years, surgical reconstruction of the
perineum was based on the technique described
by ____ in 1938

A

Götze

43
Q

stripping of mucosal surface –> residual shelf b/w rectum and vagina fixed ____ –> seperating the two caviies

A

caudally

44
Q

rectum and vagina are
separated by the construction of a new shelf from
tissues in situ without undue tension on suture
lines. whose technique is this?

A

Aanes

45
Q

n cattle, the operation is ideally performed
under general anesthesia t/f

A

f - caudal epi only

46
Q

animal in dorsal recumbency and the hindquarters raised, under general anaesth what animal ?

A

mare

47
Q

Mares
require no dietary preparation. In the cow, a laxative diet without roughage is advisable for 3 days
beforehand, followed by overnight starvation t/f

A

F - baliktad, cows ang walang dietary prep

47
Q

Mares
require no dietary preparation. In the cow, a laxative diet without roughage is advisable for 3 days
beforehand, followed by overnight starvation t/f

A

F - baliktad, cows ang walang dietary prep

48
Q

the mare is anaesthetised, a ____ may be inserted to
divert urine from the operation si

A

vesical catheter

49
Q

in cows 6cm deep from the perineum
mares longer than this and sometimes extends to the cervix t/f

A

t

50
Q

cicatrisation results in considerable ____ of
the cloaca which should be corrected before
suturing is begun

A

assymetry

51
Q

The curtain of separated
vaginal mucosa is then included in the______ sutures of polyglycolic acid which are
placed and tied serially from the depth of the
wound outward

A

purse string

52
Q

The operation is completed
with ____sutures in the perineal ski

A

mattress

52
Q

TUnless the vulval length is inadvertently shortened during reconstruction, subsequent parturition in both the cow and the mare usually occurs
____ without the risk of vulval tearing or the
need for episiotomy

A

normllya

53
Q

y.
Paradoxically, a simple rectovaginal fistula is
easier to repair than a third-degree defectvt/f

A

f - fistula mas difficult

54
Q

Unless the
fistula is deeply sited, it can be exposed satisfactorily by a dorsal commissure ____ which is
extended cranially under the anal sphincter and
rectal floor beyond the fistula

A

episiotomy

55
Q

Aanes (1964) recommends that such lesions
should first be converted into a cloaca and
repaired as such after granulation stops t/f

A

t

56
Q

Aanes advocated a one-stage operation, but
the method to be described for repair of a thirddegree defect is a two-stage procedure with other
minor modifications of his suturing technique t/f

A

f -2 stage yung kay aanes, one stage yung 3rd degree

57
Q

Perineal defects are usually obvious in cows but
are nevertheless sometimes not noticed by unwary
purchasers.They are less obvious in mares, particularly if the anal orifice remains intact t/f

A

f - mas obvious sa mares

VMED 155 (13 decks)

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