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VMED 155 > Normal Parturition pt. 1 > Flashcards

Normal Parturition pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The physiologic process by which the pregnant uterus
delivers the fetus and placenta from the maternal anima

A

parturiton

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2
Q

to be ready to bear a young
one”; related to partus, the past participle of parere – “to
produce”

A

parturire

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3
Q

parturition starts with

A

fetal stress

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4
Q

fetal stress is followed by the release of fetal _____which then release the fetal ___

A

ACTH, cortisol

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5
Q

fetal cortisol releases 4 hormones

A

placental p4, e2, PGF2alpha, relaxin

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6
Q

e2 fxn:

A

myometrial contractions, ‘
pressure,
cervical stimulation,
oxytocin,
maximum secretion

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7
Q

pgf2alpha fxn

A

luteolysis

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8
Q

relaxin fxn

A

pelvic lig. stretching

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9
Q

Udder enlargement (4 months before parturition young animal and 1-2 weeks before parturition in adult animal)
Vaginal Discharge (7 months)
Relaxed pelvic ligaments / raised tail head (24-48 hours);
Anorexia

A

cow

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10
Q

Udder development beginning 2 to 6 weeks before giving birth ;
Waxing of teats 1-2 days before foaling;
relaxation in the pelvic region occurs progressively during the last 7-14 days of gestation

A

mare

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11
Q

Development of vulvar laxity and edema
Scanty vulvar discharge
Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Udder enlargement, and a change in the amount and character of mammary secretion (last 2 weeks)
Udder becomes engorged within the last few days before givibg birth
Accumulation of waxy secretion on teat ends (1 to 4 days before giving birth)

A

mare

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12
Q

Reduced appetite and restlessness;
standing up and lying down and if bedding is available chewing and moving this around in her mouth

A

sow

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13
Q

Vulva stretched out and becomes red and swollen;
will miss a feeding;
Separate herself from the flock shortly before labor begins

A

ewe

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14
Q

Enlargement of udder starting 1-6 weeks prior to birthing;
hollowness on either side of the animal’s tail;
isolation from the rest of the herd
enlarged udder and teats that begin to fill with milk

A

doe

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15
Q

Temperature decreases by around 1°C the 1 or 2 days prior to whelping (due to low progesterone levels)
Measure temperature twice a day to give an early warning;
restlessness; decreased appetite;
produces a mild clear vaginal discharge 2-3 days prior to birthing;
have mild vomiting and diarrhea within a day or two of birthing

A

bithc

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16
Q

Nervousness, overgrooming, and panting;
stops eating during the final day of pregnancy;
drop in rectal temperature to less than 37.5°C (last 24 hours and signals impending labor.
Milk will often appear in the mammary glands 24-48 hours).
Prefers to be secluded during the birthing process.

A

cat

17
Q

STAGES of parturition

A

Dilation of cervix (1st stage labor)
expulsion of fetus (2nd stage labor)
expulsion of placenta (3rd stage labor)

18
Q

Preparation of the birth canal and fetus for expulsion
Changes are not visible externally

what stage?

A

1st

19
Q

2nd and 3rd stages canbe separated in polytocous species (dog, cat, sow) t/f

A

f - cannot

20
Q

appearance of abdominal contractions superimposed upon each set of myometrial contractions
what stage?

A

2nd

21
Q

Signs of discomfort, mild colic, restlessness with elevated pulse and respiratory rate, drop in body temperature

what stage?

A

1st

22
Q

Onset of myometrial contractions
Fetus assumes proper disposition for expulsion

what stage?

A

1st

23
Q

Disappearance of cervicotubular contractions
Ferguson’s (Fetal Ejection) Reflex

what stage?

A

2nd

24
Q

Waves of contractions from uterine tube to cervix; reverse in cow and sow t/f

A

t

25
Q

Domestic animals normally eat placenta except cows t/f

A

f - mare

26
Q

what stage?
Shrinking of fetal villi due to loss of fetal turgidity from escape of blood from fetal side of placenta with rupture of umbilicus
Separation of fetal membranes due to early degenerative maturational changes in ewe and cow

A

3rd

27
Q

what stage?

Weakening of acellular layer of adhesive protein ‘glue line’ between cotyledonary and caruncular epithelium leads to placental separation
Collagenization of placentome and flattening of maternal crypt epithelium in cow (starts last 5 days of gestation)

A

3rd

28
Q

Allantochorionic sac ruptures
”Water bag” (Amnion) appears at vulva
Fetal head appears at vulva coincident with maximal uterine and abdominal muscle contractions

what stage?

A

2nd

29
Q

Fetal thorax passes through vulva followed by expulsion of hips and hindlimbs
Amnion ruptures allowing fetus to respire

what stage?

A

2nd

30
Q

Presentation:
Position:
Posture:

normal in ewe, cow, mare

A

anterior
dorsal (dorso-sacral)
extended limb

31
Q

cervical changes:
Loosening of the ground substance due to changes in _____components

A

collagen

32
Q

Increased incorporation of ____ which permits collagen fibers to separate with tension

A

WATER

33
Q

internal os first followed by external os. t/f

Cervix becomes ___shapes as external os dilates widely

A

F - ext muna

cone

34
Q

Simultaneous shortening of the internal os and dilation of icervix t/f

A

f - shortening of cervix, dilation of int os

35
Q

the onset of myometrial contractions is due to the presence of

A

cervicotubular and tubular-cervical contractions

36
Q

prevent the premature displacement of the fetus/es for orderly expulsion from the horns

A

Cervicotubular contractions

37
Q

Frequency increases from ____ per hour in the last 2 hours to 48 per hour just before expulsion 30 per hour in ewe)

A

12-24

38
Q

fetal dispositoin: Progressive rotation from dorsal to ventral position t/f

A

f - vent to dors

39
Q

Extension of forelimbs head and neck (lamb and puppy);
head and neck only in mare and calf t/f

A

f - foal and pup partner
calf and lamb

VMED 155 (13 decks)

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