General Considerations + Obstetrical Equipment Flashcards
In monotocus species, it is possible for
per vaginam delivery to occur with some slight postural abnormality T/F
F - poly dapat. (including sheep n goat w/ small mutiple fetuses)
correction of posture, presentation, and position abnormalities can be achieved via _____
essential prerequisite of the answer above?
intrauterine manipulation of the fetus
retropulsion of the fetus
the corrections above can be facilitated by?
caudal epidural anesthesia
In cases of prolonged dystocia, where fetal fluids have been lost, sterile water can replace the lost ____
allantoic fluid
nonsterile clean water can be used as substitution for lost fetal fluids. T/F
T
In cows and mare __ litters is administered using a ___ and funnel
14L, soft rubber/plastic/stomach tube
lubricant substitute (vaginal delibery) for ___ fluid
amniotic
3 examples of lubricant subs
lard
water-soluble cellulose-based obstetrical lubricant
soap flakes
obstetrician should consider 3 things: (FSE)
facilities are appropriate,
sufficient professional and
other help available,
equipment is adequate to carry out the treatment successfully
In severe forms of dystocia, more especially in mares, the veterinarian should always seek the the assistance of a professional colleague and consider
whether it might be appropriate to transport the animal to somewhere with hospital facilities, provided that the animal is in a fit state to travel T/F?
T
After a successful delivery, dam’s genital tract should always be examined for the presence of others; remember
that polytoccus species can have twins and rarely more. T/F?
F - mono sa poly
best instruments are the clean and gentle
_____ of the obstetrician
hands and arms
More complex equipment is rarely required, and the important consideration is to know when the use of such complicated instruments is indicated T/F
F - ocasionaly not rarely
a dedicated
____ is also important esp. to vets making routine visits on farms
caesarean operation kit
Many veterinarians find these easier to use than rope snares. Their main advantage is that they are heavier and do not move so readily when they are repositioned during intrauterine
or intravaginal manipulation
Moore’s obstetric chains (E) with handles (F)
- alt to snares
effective substitute for bull rings
snare introducer
These are useful when performing fetotomy to enable
traction to be applied to various fetal segments (OOHPB)
Obstetrical hooks include Krey–Schottler
double-jointed hooks (H),
Obermeyer’s anal hook (I),
Harms’s sharp (J) or blunt (L)
paired hooks on a fine (farrowing) chain (K),
Blanchard’s long, flexible cane hook (M).
instruments to use when performing TRACTION (BHV)
block and tackle,
HK calf puller
Vink calving jack
useful for performing subcutaneous fetotomy as well as during a caesarean operation in the cow when it is impossible to exteriorise the uterus to incise i
Unsworth’s fetotomy guarded knives
also used for subcutaneous fetotomy
spatula
Persson’s chain-saw is now replaced with
polyfilamentous fetotomy wire
which are a cheaper alternative of protecting the dam’s genital tract than the Thygesen’s model
Gättli’s spiral tube
pushing the fetus cranially
from the vagina (and the bony pelvic canal)
towards the uterus
retropulsion
2 ways retropulsion can be performed
- pressure with the hand on the presenting bulk of the fetus; in some cases, it is convenient for an assistant to repel the fetus while the obstetrician manipulates it
- use of crutch
As far as possible, the repelling force
should be exerted in the intervals between____
bouts of straining
may be induced to prevent the dam ‘straining’
however, it has no effect on _____which can be suppressed by the use of a
spasmolytic such as ______.
epidural anesth
myometrial contractions
clenbuterol
EXTENSION corrects positional defects T/F?
F = Posture dapat
extension is carried out by applying ___ force brought through
an arc of a circle to the entrance of the pelvis
tangential
extension force is brought by hand or by hand grips T/F
F - snares or hooks dapat
alteration of transverse or vertical
to longitudinal presentation.
version
application of force to the presenting parts of the fetus in order to supplement,
or in some cases to replace, the maternal forces. Such force is applied by hand or through the
medium of snares or hook
traction
application of force to the presenting parts of the fetus in order to supplement,
or in some cases to replace, the maternal forces. Such force is applied by hand or through the
medium of snares or hook
traction
loop
is placed in the mouth and up over the poll and
behind the ears or, alternatively, the centre of a
single rope may be pushed up over the poll and
behind both ears, leaving both ends of the rope
protruding from the vagina
benesch method (head snares)
limb snares are placed where?
fetlock
thin rope snare are placed in the mandible of a____
laterally deviated head
(for postural defects only, otherwise use benesch method)
In the
cow, it is felt that the well-coordinated pull of six
average persons should be the limit T/F
F=4 only
In the
cow, it is felt that the well-coordinated pull of six
average persons should be the limit T/F
F=4 only
pulley blocks or calving jacks or
pullers generate over 5 or 6 times the force associated with a natural calving t/f
T
The most important aspect of applying effective traction is to
coordinate the supplementary force with the
straining effort of the dam t/f
t
Cow at natural calving: tractive effort in kg
70
traction by 1 person
75
traction by 2 persons
115
traction by 3 persons
155
calving jack
400
pocket pulley hooks
445
tractor
5000+
In the mare, the use of snares with several
persons providing manual assistance is usually
insufficient t/f
f- sufficient
In the ewe and doe goat traction can be
applied using simple fine ___ or a fixed
_____
cord snare/plastic head snare
In the sow, traction is nearly always applied using the hand but
_____ and ____ sometimes useful
fine cord snare and plastic lambing snare
in the dog and cat, other than hands, this can also be used for traction
whelping forceps and vectis
Rotation is the alteration of the presentation of a
fetus by moving it around its longitudinal axis t/f
f - position dapat NOT presentation
Rotation is
more often required in cattle than in horses T/F
F - horses more often required
much more easily effected on the responsive live
fetus, which may be readily rotated by digital pressure on the eyeballs, protected by the lids; this
causes a convulsive reaction, and slight rotational
force then completes the manoeuvre t/f
t
in the case of dead fetuses fetal fluid supplements are indicated – rotational force may be
exerted_____
by hands or with the use of ____
crossed extended limbs
Cämmerer’s
torsion fork or Künn’s crutch
