Obs + Gynae Flashcards
Dating pregnancy
US 11-14 weeks
NTD if US is equivocal
Amniocentesis for amniotic fluid AFP level
Combine test for Downs
12 weeks
US - nuchal translucency thickness -raised
free bHCG -high
pregnancy associated plasma protein (PAPA) - low
Maternal age
Hyperemesis gravidarum diagnostic triad
- More than 5% pre-pregnancy weight loss
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Dehydration
Contraception and menopause
12/12 since last period if age >50
24/12 since last period if age <50
Thrush in pregnancy
clotrimazole pessary (oral fluconazole contraindicated in pregnancy)
Chickenpox exposure in pregnancy
- check varicella-zoster IgG levels
- D/w Obs + gynae
HRT increases what cancer risk
Breast
Female sub-fertility
- First line investigation
- Interpreting result
- when to do test
Mid-luteal phase progesterone
> 30nmol/L = ovulation is occurring
10-30 nmol/L -> repeat next cycle
day 21 of 28 day cycle
day 28 of 35 day cycle
Placental abruption
Triad: Abdominal pain, uterine rigidity +/- PV bleeding
Gravida + Para
Gravida = total no. of times pregnant including current
Para = x + y
x = pregnancies beyond 24 weeks (twins = 1, stillbirth = 1)
y = losses before 24 weeks (termination, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy)
Pregnancy at term
Attains 37 weeks but before 42 weeks (post-term)
Stages of menstrual cycle
- Menstruation day 1-4
- Follicular (proliferative) phase day 5-13
- Ovulation day 14
- Luteal (secretory) phase 15-28
Asherman’s syndrome
Intra-uterine adhesions due to trauma
Smoking and pregnancy
Reduced ovulation
2x rate of miscarriage
Abnormal sperm production
Pre-term labour
Lighter-for-dates babies
Reduced reading abilities up to 11 years old
